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Abstract This paper aims to provide insights into the existing literature on the contemporary leadership styles commonly applied by International joint ventures (IJVs) leaders. A total of 51 articles published between 1992 and 2014 were retrieved from 21 refereed journals, all of which could be accessed online. New genre theories applicable for International joint ventures (IJVs) sustainability focus on exceptional leadership that has extra ordinary effects on their follower; to become highly committed to the leader vision and mission, make significant personal sacrifices in the interests of organisational success and to perform over and above the set standards. The new genre of leadership theory provides that, such leaders transform the needs, values preferences and aspirations of followers from self interests to collective (international joint venture) interests. Transformational, Transactional, Authentic, LMX and Global leadership styles were found to be the most popular leadership styles applied by IJVs leadership. In summary, this review paper offers an important attempt to understand the development of research on new genre leadership styles as they are applied for International joint ventures sustainability. Key words: Leadership style; Transformational leadership style; Transactional leadership style; Authentic leadership style; LMX leadership style; Global leadership style.
Abstract In a study of 205 leader–follower pairs, we investigated the impact of the leader's values and empathy on followers' perception of transformational leadership and the effect of transformational leadership on followers' values and empathy. The moderating effect of leader–follower relationship duration on the effect of transformational leadership on followers' values and empathy was also investigated.
This paper contains the various theories of leadership and how it can be applied in the educational sector
1.1 Meaning of Leadership The word “leader” appeared in the English language at about the year 1300 (Oxford English Dictionary, 1933) and the “Leadership” at about 1800 A.D. (Stogdill, 1974). However, the issues of the leadership are as old as the human civilization. Leadership clearly does not mean what it used to mean, especially in regards to educational leadership. Mahatma Gandhi said, “I suppose leadership at one time meant muscles; but today it means getting along with people.” ( Dan O. Webb,2014)Definitions of leadership are as varied as the people who give them. Every governmental, business, and educational organization has their own definition and their own list of qualities that define excellent leadership.
In this paper we integrate recent theories on followers’ self-concept and transformational leadership theory in order to develop a conceptual framework for understanding the exceptional and diverse effects transformational leaders may have on their followers. We propose that transformational leaders may influence two levels of followers’ self-concept: the relational and the collective self, thus fostering personal identification with the leader and social identification with the organizational unit. Specific leader behaviors that prime different aspects of followers’ self-concepts are identified and their possible effects on different aspects of followers’ perceptions and behaviors are discussed.
Military is an arm of government authorized to use lethal force and weapons, to support the interests of the state and some or all of its citizens. Navy, Air force and Army are the branches of military which altogether form a huge group of people with diversified professionals and spending a good portion of the countrys GDP. Military leaders, therefore, are very important assets of the military. In order for military commanders to be good leaders, they are supposed to follow a strict path of training and practical experiments for quite long time while in services. The need for the military leaders to be more transformational has been publicly discoursed in recent years, the aim is to allow more transparency in balancing the public spending without affecting the military efficiency and readiness. Are charismatic and transformation traits contradicting? Why military always produces good leaders and which leadership style is best fit into military situation were the main exploration in this paper. The results showed that, charismatic and transformational are not contradicting but rather overlapping and in fact, charismatic is one of the important traits of the transformational leadership style. Progressive, sophisticated and expensive trainings together with indispensable powers given to the military commanders are the main factors which make them good leaders compared to other leaders at the same level. Finally, the paper concluded that, the choice of the leadership style in the military is the discretion of the leaders taking into account nature of tasks, people, resources available and time needed to accomplish the task. Keywords: Military,Transformational Leadership Theory,Charismatic Leadership Style,Transactional Leadership Style,Inspiration Motivation,Intellectual Simulation,Individual Consideration&Idealised Influence