The CLP Regulation (CE) 1272/2008 aligns previous EU legislation with the GHS (Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals), a United Nations system to identify hazardous chemicals and to inform users about these hazards. It also has links to the REACH legislation. The CLP Regulation entered into force on 20 January 2009
and progressively replaced the classification and labelling of Dangerous Substances (67/548/EEC) and Dangerous Preparations (1999/45/EC) Directives. Both directives were repealed on 1 June 2015. GHS has been adopted by many countries around the world and is now also used as the basis for international and national transport regulations for dangerous goods. The hazards of chemicals are communicated through
signal words and pictograms on labels and safety data sheets. New red-framed pictograms replace the familiar orange danger symbols. New terms have replaced old ones:
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ClassificationIn most cases, suppliers need to decide on the classification of a substance or mixture. This is called self-classification. In some cases, the decision on the classification of substances is taken at the community level to ensure adequate risk management. Member States, manufacturers, importers and downstream users may propose the classification and labelling of a substance to be harmonised across the European Union. Information will also be made available in the C&L inventory. These are usually the most hazardous substances: carcinogenic, mutagenic, toxic for reproduction or respiratory sensitisers, biocidal or plant protection products. All previously harmonised substance classifications under the previous legislation (Dangerous Substances Directive) have been converted into CLP harmonised classifications. It is mandatory for the suppliers to apply this harmonised classification and labelling. Key points
Source: DG Employment ECHA web pages on the classification of substances and mixtures (23 EU languages) LabellingClassification and Labelling InventoryThe Classification & Labelling (C&L) Inventory is a database with basic classification and labelling information on notified and registered substances received from manufacturers and importers. It also contains the list of legally binding harmonised classifications (Annex VI to the CLP Regulation). It was established and is maintained by ECHA. Further information
OSHwiki featured articles Labelling of chemicalsAnnabel Maison, National Research and Safety Institute, France An international globally harmonised system for classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS) has been available since 2003. In Europe, the CLP (Classification, Labelling and Packaging) Regulation implements this system in the workplace and for consumers. The Regulation is being gradually applied and will eventually replace the pre-existing European system in 2015. After explaining the use of labelling, this article aims to present the scope of the GHS, its impact in Europe and the current European classification and labelling systems of chemicals. Chemical storageAnnabelle Guilleux, National Research and Safety Institute, France Nearly all industries, including the agri-food industry and the service industry, use chemicals in variable amounts and must therefore store them, as well as the produced chemical waste before disposal. Acting as a warehouse, the storage facility also shelters the chemicals: it protects the personnel and the environment from the effects of a spill, or an aerosol or gas emission. While designing a chemical storage facility, regardless of its size, it is thus essential to take into account all hazardous properties of chemicals, intrinsic or arising from interactions. Which of the following statements about capital rationing is most correct?Which of the following statements about capital rationing is most correct? Capital rationing occurs when a business does not have the capital necessary to fund all acceptable projects.
Which of the following options provides the most information about a project's riskiness?Scenario analysis allows for the calculation of a project's coefficient of variation so that the riskiness of projects can be compared to the firm's average project. Scenario analysis provides all necessary information about both a project's risk and profitability in a single step.
Which of the following refers to the possibility that errors in projected cash flows will lead to incorrect decisions?The possibility that errors in projected cash flows will lead to incorrect decisions is called forcasting , or estimation, risk.
What are the two main benefits of performing sensitivity analysis?Conducting sensitivity analysis provides a number of benefits for decision-makers. First, it acts as an in-depth study of all the variables. Because it's more in-depth, the predictions may be far more reliable. Secondly, It allows decision-makers to identify where they can make improvements in the future.
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