Show Recommended textbook solutions HDEV56th EditionSpencer A. Rathus 380 solutions
Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, Being13th EditionMichael R Solomon 449 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions What is the FIRST action an EMT should take upon arriving at an MCI after incident command has been established? A. Immediately start caring for injured patients. B. Report to incident command. To ensure an organized approach, appropriate distribution of resources, and accountability for all personnel, EMTs should report to the incident commander, or designated contact person. Which statement BEST describes the relationship of triage to other EMS actions in the MCI process? A. Triage is performed when patients reach the staging area so the correct hospital destination can be selected. D. Triage is one of the first actions, because it affects other components. Triage is performed early because it gives information about other actions and resources needed. Triage is usually conducted at the actual site of the incident, provided the scene is safe. For example, primary triage in the case of a bus rollover would be conducted inside the vehicle, provided the bus is properly stabilized and free of safety hazards. The primary triage is done quickly and provides a basic categorization of the severity of the patients involved in the incident. Which sector officer is responsible for directing available ambulances to the treatment sector? A. Transportation B. Staging A staging unit leader monitors, inventories, and directs available ambulances to the treatment unit at the request of the transport unit leader. Which statement BEST describes the use of the "black" category in triage? A. Patients who have immediate threats to life, including rapid respirations, poor perfusion, and altered mental status. B. Patients who are deceased, or who are expected to die because they cannot maintain their airway or breathing. The "black" category is for deceased or "expectant" patients. What is needed for effective response to MCIs, in addition to effectively locating vehicles, getting enough help, efficient transport, and follow-up care at receiving facilities? A. On-scene medical treatment A. On-scene medical treatment On-scene medical treatment is one of the components needed for effective response to MCIs. A patient at an MCI is unresponsive, but breathing 24 times per minute, with a strong radial pulse. To what triage category should he be assigned? A. Black D. Red This patient meets criteria for the red category because he cannot follow commands. Which statement BEST describes the purpose of triage? A. To do the most good for the greatest number of patients. A. To do the most good for the greatest number of patients. Triage allows the prioritization of scarce resources to do the most good for the greatest number of patients. Triage is a system used for sorting patients to determine the order in which they will receive medical care or transportation to definitive care. Basically, triage determines which persons need immediate emergency care in order to survive their injuries, which patients will live with a delay in emergency medical care, and which patients will die regardless of the emergency care provided. Which principle is used in MCIs to enhance the clarity of communications? A. Use of plain English, such as, "Meet in the parking lot of the Methodist church at the corner of 21st Street and Martin Luther
King Street." A. Use of plain English, such as, "Meet in the parking lot of the Methodist church at the corner of 21st Street and Martin Luther King Street." Plain English is preferred to decrease the possibility of miscommunication. On a multiple-casualty incident, this person is called "chief." A. planning officer B. section leader Section leaders or heads are called "chiefs." The incident commander can choose to establish a number of branches within the structure. These branches are managed by branch directors, who report to a section chief. You are assigned to the transport sector at an MCI. What is the MOST critical aspect of radio communication for you and your partner? A. Communication with the staging unit leader A. Communication with the staging unit leader In the transport unit, you are responsible for transporting patients from the treatment area at the request of the staging unit leader. Therefore, this is the most critical aspect of your communication. What is the document used to identify incident objectives, issue assignments, and list plans, procedures, and protocols in an MCI? A. Standing orders B. Incident action plan Incident action plans (IAPs) identify the objectives to be accomplished during the incident. IAPs are used to issue assignments, plans, procedures, and protocols. The results of the objectives are documented and reported so that they can be used in further planning. What is a basic principle of disaster preparedness planning? A. Develop a plan that can only be activated by the
highest-ranking government official. B. Prepare a plan that focuses on doing the most good for the greatest number of people. Doing the most good for the greatest number of people is a basic tenet of disaster preparedness. Which statement BEST describes the treatment that is acceptable during triage in MCIs? A. No type of treatment is acceptable during the triage phase. C. Opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding only. The only interventions that may be performed during triage are opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding. What is NOT an anticipated response of survivors to the psychological stress of a disaster? A. Fear D. Looting and violence Survivors typically experience fear, anxiety, irritability, sleep disturbances, suspiciousness, depression, nightmares, restlessness, and fatigue. They typically do not become involved in looting or violence. During triage of a six-year-old patient, you discover the following: the patient is awake, breathing 32 times per minute, has a palpable pulse, and responds to verbal stimuli. What is the CORRECT triage category for this patient? A. Red B. Yellow Although a respiratory rate >30 would place an adult in the red category, it requires a respiratory rate >45 for a child to be categorized as red. A child who is alert, or who responds appropriately to verbal or painful stimuli is categorized as yellow. On arrival at a bus crash you have used the public address system on the ambulance to encourage the patients with minor injuries to walk across the street and congregate in the drug store parking lot. NEXT you will begin to triage patients. You come across a patient who is breathing at 20 times a minute, who has multiple injuries, and there is NO radial pulse. What should you do? A. Tag the patient with a black tag and move on. C. Control any external bleeding and tag the patient red. If the patient is breathing under 30 times a minute, using the START triage system the next step is to evaluate pulse. With no radial pulse this patient would get a red tag and you can attempt to control external bleeding. What is needed for effective response to MCIs, in addition to effectively locating vehicles, getting enough help, efficient transport, and on-site medical treatment? A. Use of on-line medical direction by all transporting units D. Follow-up care at hospital facilities Follow-up care at hospital facilities is necessary for effective response to MCIs. Effective management of MCIs consists of getting enough help, positioning vehicles properly, giving appropriate emergency medical care, transporting patients efficiently, and providing follow-up care at receiving facilities. In a multiple casualty incident, _____ occurs immediately upon arrival of the first EMS crew. A. patient treatment D. primary triage There are typically two phases or types of triage that are conducted at the scene of a multiple-casualty incident. Primary triage occurs immediately upon the arrival of the first EMS crew. Once the patients are moved from the scene to the triage unit, the secondary triage occurs. The secondary triage is designed to reevaluate the patient categorization, during which the patient may be upgraded to a higher priority, downgraded to a lower priority, or kept at the same priority status. In which area are ambulances, transport personnel, and equipment held until needed at an MCI? A. Triage sector B. Staging sector Ambulances, transport personnel, and additional equipment are held in the staging area until needed. Triage is a French word which means "to sort." The triage unit is responsible for prioritizing the patients at an MCI. Emergency care is provided to patients in the treatment unit. This is done based on the priority assigned to the patient by the triage unit. In the transportation unit, patients are moved to ambulances or helicopters for transportation to a medical facility, and communications are organized to notify the receiving medical facilities. For the purposes of triage, which description BEST matches the population for whom JumpSTART is intended? A. Anyone who appears to be older than the age of 16 years. C. Anyone who appears to be younger than a young adult. For triage purposes, a child is anyone who appears to be younger than a young adult. What is the number of patients that generally serves as the lower threshold for a multiple-casualty incident? A. 10 B. 3 A multiple-casualty incident typically involves three or more patients. A multiple-patient incident with three patients may be routine in a large metropolitan area, but three critically injured patients can quickly overwhelm a small community or rural area with limited resources and personnel. There has been a riot following a college football playoff in which the home team won. Police have dispersed the crowd, and there are several injured patients. The patient you are triaging has a penetrating wound to his back. He is awake and capable of following commands, although he is NOT especially cooperative. He did NOT get up and walk to the designated area when instructed to do so. He has a strong odor of alcohol on his breath. His respirations are 24 per minute, his skin is warm and moist, and he has a radial pulse in the 80s. Which is the MOST appropriate triage category for this patient? A. Yellow A. Yellow The patient is non-ambulatory, but his respirations, pulse, and mental status meet criteria for the yellow category, not the red category. Which suggestion can be helpful in managing survivors' psychological stress following a disaster? A. Place survivors in naturally occurring groups, such as families, neighbors, and so on. A. Place survivors in naturally occurring groups, such as families, neighbors, and so on. Placing survivors in naturally occurring, familiar groups can help reduce feelings of fear and alienation. What is the purpose of secondary triage? A. To reevaluate each patient's priority for treatment and transport. A. To reevaluate each patient's priority for treatment and transport. The purpose of secondary triage is to reevaluate the primary triage category. Secondary triage refers to the process of reassessing findings from primary triage to reclassify the patient, if necessary. The secondary triage is designed to reevaluate the patient categorization, during which the patient may be upgraded to a higher priority, downgraded to a lower priority, or kept at the same priority status. This occurs as the patient is brought into the triage unit and the triage unit leader performs the reassessment of the patient to categorize him for treatment and transport. During the treatment phase, the patient is re-triaged and may be re-categorized as a higher or lower priority. During triage, you encounter an adult patient who is NOT breathing. Which choice is the NEXT step you should take? A. Open the airway and reassess breathing. A. Open the airway and reassess breathing. In START triage, open the airway of a patient who is not breathing. If he begins breathing and can maintain his airway, categorize him as red. If he does not begin breathing, categorize the patient as black. What are the three criteria for assessing patients during triage? A. Ability to walk, cervical spine injury, and mental status D. Respiratory status, perfusion status, and mental status Three functions are checked to assign patients to triage categories, represented by the mnemonic RPM. These are respiratory status, perfusion status, and mental status. You are performing triage at an MCI. You encounter a patient who is awake, extremely pale and diaphoretic, and breathing 30 times per minute. The patient has a traumatic amputation of both lower extremities. What is the MOST appropriate action? A. Control the bleeding, using tourniquets, red tag
the patient, and move on to the next patient. A. Control the bleeding, using tourniquets, red tag the patient, and move on to the next patient. The only acceptable treatments during triage are opening the airway and controlling severe bleeding. This patient meets criteria for being categorized as red because he has signs of poor perfusion and a respiratory rate of 30. At what point should transport of the injured begin at an MCI? A. After all "minor" patients have been directed to a treatment area, they should be transported by ambulance to relieve congestion at the scene. B. After triage has identified "immediate" category patients and transport has been coordinated through the treatment and transport units. "Immediate" patients are transported first, but transportation must be coordinated through the treatment and transport units. Which age group would be MOST likely to suffer loss of bowel or bladder control and thumb-sucking as a result of disaster-related stress? A. Preschoolers A. Preschoolers Common reactions of preschoolers, who previously have been toilet-trained and stopped thumb-sucking, is to regress to those behaviors. Which statement is MOST accurate concerning warning and evacuation in disasters? A. People should not be advised of the potential severity and impact of the disaster in order to prevent panic. C. Home-based relocation is preferred over large settings, such as hospitals or clinics. One consideration in making evacuation easier on the population and in management of the disaster is to use home-based relocation as opposed to other settings for uninjured victims. Which statement BEST describes the rationale of performing both primary and secondary triage? A. Primary triage is aimed at detecting immediate
life threats; secondary triage is aimed at finding risk factors, such as underlying diseases. C. Patient's conditions may stabilize or deteriorate after primary triage, requiring reassignment of priority for treatment and transport. Secondary triage is performed after primary triage to detect any changes in the patient's priority for transport. Secondary triage refers to the process of reassessing findings from primary triage to reclassify the patient, if necessary. The secondary triage is designed to reevaluate the patient categorization, during which the patient may be upgraded to a higher priority, downgraded to a lower priority, or kept at the same priority status. This occurs as the patient is brought into the triage unit and the triage unit leader performs the reassessment of the patient to categorize him for treatment and transport. During the treatment phase, the patient is re-triaged and may be re-categorized as a higher or lower priority. Which action can help decrease the stress of an MCI on survivors? A. Explain that there is no time for emotional reactions in the immediate aftermath of the event. D. Reunite families as soon as possible. Reuniting families reduces stress and can help medical personnel gain valuable history on patients who cannot communicate with them. What is an important part of participating in mutual planning, training, and preparedness exercises? A. Determining the staging location for responders in an MCI. B. Building relationships between agencies. Planning for MCIs is not an exact science, as the type and location of the event cannot be predicted. Even when other components of incident management do not go as intended, the relationships that have been established are critical in responding to the incident. Which item is NOT considered a standardization component in NIMS? A. Employee
compensation A. Employee compensation Standardization components of NIMS include planning, training, mutual aid agreements, and preparedness exercises involving multiple agencies. Employee compensation is not part of the standardization program. Which event is LEAST likely to create a multiple-casualty incident? A. Motorcycle
collision into a guardrail A. Motorcycle collision into a guardrail Multiple-casualty incidents typically involve three or more patients, which would be unlikely in a motorcycle collision that does not involve another vehicle. In which type of incident would unified command be MOST appropriate? A. Involvement of different branches of public safety A. Involvement of different branches of public safety In a large-scale incident that involves fire/rescue, law enforcement, and EMS needs, unified command is an appropriate incident command structure. In a unified command structure, police, fire, and EMS would each be represented and would establish one unified command. Each service would then likely be established under the operations section and retain its autonomy. The unified incident commanders of the three agencies would work together in one command post to solve problems and direct the management of the incident. What is a basic principle of disaster preparedness planning?The basic structure for disaster planning includes the fours phases of comprehensive emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation involves preventive measures to reduce vulnerabilities.
What comes first in EMS decision making?You must first identify and clarify the issue (in homage to the “I” in IRAC) by asking clarifying questions as necessary and really listening to what is being communicated to you. Step 1 is the most important – and simultaneously the most difficult – part of the decision-making process.
What is the most common emotional reaction of most disaster survivors?It is commonly assumed that that the devastation associated with some disasters may cause pathological conditions such as acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The truth is, however, that for the majority of survivors, mild to moderate distress reaction is the most common occurrence.
What is the first action an EMT should take upon arriving at an MCI?The first EMS unit to arrive on the scene will perform the initial scene assessment. Once a triage officer has been identified for the incident, this triage officer can initiate a request for additional resources to manage the triage efforts at the incident.
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Which of the following is a basic principle of disaster preparedness planning Quizlet
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