What suggests that keys to understanding development are observable actions and outside stimuli in the environment?

Q: What type of development involves the way in which individuals interactions with others and their relationship grow change or remain stable over the course of life?

Social development is the way in which individuals interactions with others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.

The approach that suggests that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli to the environment

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Psychology - Lifespan
What is the learning approach that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person called modeling?
What does the behavioral perspective suggest?
What focuses on the processes that allow people to know understand and think about the world?
What type of development involves the way in which individuals interactions with others and their relationship grow change or remain stable over the course of life?

The approach that focuses on the processes that allow people to know, understand and think about the world. cognitive - systematic change in skeletal system, etc.

The theory that contends that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior

The theory that considers the relationship between individuals and their physical, cognitive, personality, and social worlds
individuals are changing beings in a changing world as a result of changes, 3 types of influence are exerted by context normative- similar in age goup socialcultural - starting school environmental

The theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancenstors

The degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience.

Development that occurs in distint steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behavior that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages.

research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time

research in which the behavior of one or more participants in a study is measured as they age

Research that seeks to identify whether an association pr relationship between two factors exist

Research designed to discover casual relationships between various factors

The variable that researchers measure to see if it changes as a result of the experimental manipulation. ex. degree of aggressive behavior shown in participants after seeing violent film

The variable that researchers manipulate in the experiment ex. type of movie saw

A group of people born at around the same time in the same place

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Psychology - Lifespan

Question	Answer
Lifespan Development	the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occurs throughout the entire lifespan.
Physical Development	Development involving the body's physical make-up, including the brain, CNS, muscles, senses & the need for food, drink, & sleep.
Cognitive Development	Development involving the ways that growth and change in intellectual capabilities influence behavior
Personality Development	Development involving the ways that enduring characteristics that differentiate one person from another change over the life span
Social Development	Ways in which individuals interations with others & their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.
Cohort	A group of people born around the same time in the same place
Continuous Change	Gradual development in which achievements at one level build on those of previous levels (quantitative in nature).
Discontinuous Change	Development that occurs in distinct steps or stages, with each stage bringing about behaviour that is assumed to be qualitatively different from behavior at earlier stages.
Critical Period	A specific time during ddevelopment when a particular event has its greatest consequences and the presence of certain kinds of environmental stimuli is necessary for development to proceed normally.
Sensitive Period	A point in development when organisms are particularly susceptible to certain kinds of stimuli in their environments, but the absence of those stimuli does not always produce irreversible consequences.
Maturation	Predetermined unfolding of genetic information
Theories	Explanations & predictions concerning phenomena of interest--providing a framework of understanding the relationships among an organized set of facts or principles.
6 Major Theoretical Perspectives	~Psychodynamic ~Behavioral ~Cognitive ~Humanistic ~Contextual ~Evolutionary
Psychodynamic Perspectives	Approach stating behavior is motivated by inner forces, memories, & conflicts that are generally beyond awareness or control.
Psychoanalytic Theory	Theory proposed by Freud that suggests unconscious forces act to determine personality & behavior.
Psychosexual Development	(Freud) Series of stages children go through in which pleasure or gratification focuses on a particular biological function & body part.
Psychosocial Development	The approach that encompasses changes in our interactions with and understandings of one another, as well as in our knowledge and understanding of ourselves as members of society
Behavioral Perspective	The approach suggesting that the keys to understanding development are observable behavior and outside stimuli in the environment
Classical Conditioning	A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response
Operant Conditioning	A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened by its association with positive or negative responses.
Behavior Modification	A formal technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted behaviors.
Social-Congitive Learning Theory	Learning by observing the behavior of another person, called a model.
Cognitive Perspective	The approach that focuses on the process that allow people to know, understand, & think about the world.
Information Processing Approach	Models that seek to identify the ways individuals take in, use, & store information.
Cognitive Neuroscience Approaches	Approaches that examine cognitive development through the lense of brain processes.
Humanistic Perspective	The theory contending that people have a natural capacity to make decisions about their lives and control their behavior.
Contextual Perspective	The theory that considers the relationship of individuals & their physical, cognitive, personality, & social worlds
Bioecological Approach	The perspective suggesting that different levels of the environment simultaneously influence individuals
Sociocultural Theory	The approach that emphasizes how cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions between members of a culture
Evolutionary Perspective	The theory that seeks to identify behavior that is a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors
Scientific Method	The process of posing and answering questions using careful, controlled techniques that include systematic, orderly observation and the collection of data
Hypothesis	A prediction stated in a way that permits it to be tested
Correlational Research	Research that seeks to identify whether and association or relationship between two factors exists
Experimental Research	Reasearch designed to discover the causal relationship between various factors
Naturalistic Observation	A type of correlational study in which some naturally occurring behavior is observed without intervention in the situation
Case Studies	Studies that involve extensive, in-depth interviews with a particular individual or small group of individuals
Survey Research	Tpe of study where a group of people chosen to represent some larger population are asked questions about their attitudes, behavior, or thinking on a given topic
Psychophysiological Methods	Research that focuses on the relationship between physiological processes and behavior
Experiment	A process in which an investigator, called an experimenter, devises two different experiences for participants and then studies and compares the outcomes
Independent Variable	The variable that researchers manipulate in an experiment
Dependent Variable	The variable that researchers measure in an experiment and expect to change as a result of the experimental manipulation
Sample	The group of participants chosen for the experiment
Field Study	A research investigation carried out in a naturally occurring setting
Laboratory Study	A research investigation conducted in a controlled setting explicitly designed to hold events constant
Theoretical Research	Research designed specifically to test some developmental explanation and expand scientific knowledge
Longitudinal Research	Research in which the behavior of one or more participants in a study is measured as they age
Cross-Sectional Research	Research in which people of different ages are compared at the same point in time
Sequential Studies	Research in which researchers examine a number of different age groups over several points of time

What is the learning approach that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person called modeling?

Social learning theory, proposed by Albert Bandura, emphasizes the importance of observing, modelling, and imitating the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others.

What does the behavioral perspective suggest?

Behaviorism suggests that all behavior is acquired through conditioning and can therefore be observed without consideration of thoughts or feelings. Since all behavior is but a response, behaviorism also suggests that anyone can learn to perform any action with the right conditioning.

What focuses on the processes that allow people to know understand and think about the world?

Cognitive psychology is an area that focuses on the science of how people think. This branch of psychology explores a wide variety of mental processes, including how people think, use language, attend to information, and perceive their environments.

What type of development involves the way in which individuals interactions with others and their relationship grow change or remain stable over the course of life?

Social development is the way in which individuals' interactions with others and their social relationships grow, change, and remain stable over the course of life.

What suggests that keys to understanding development are observable actions and outside stimuli in the environment?

Psychology - Lifespan

What is the learning approach that emphasizes learning by observing the behavior of another person called modeling?

What does the behavioral perspective suggest?

What focuses on the processes that allow people to know understand and think about the world?

What type of development involves the way in which individuals interactions with others and their relationship grow change or remain stable over the course of life?

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