0% found this document useful (0 votes) 274 views 24 pages © © All Rights Reserved Did you find this document useful?0% found this document useful (0 votes) 274 views24 pages Physical Education and Sport DefinedJump to Page You are on page 1of 24 You're Reading a Free Preview You're Reading a Free Preview Reward Your CuriosityEverything you want to read. Anytime. Anywhere. Any device. No Commitment. Cancel anytime.  what is involved in sports? sport involves; physical prowess, skill, an competition sport is an organized, competitive, entertaining, and skillful activity requiring commitment, strategy, and fair play, in which a winner can be defined. outcome is uncertain and perceived by skill. physical exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health and wellness. what is recreation/leisure? recreation is an activity of leisure. leisure being discretionary time. the "need to do something for recreation" seems to be an essential element of human biology and psychology. EX; games why do people do recreational/leisure activities? recreational activities are often done for enjoyment, amusement, or
pleasure, and are considered to be "fun". what is physical education? physical education is physical activity that takes place in an academic institution. generally involves a curriculum goals/ objectives and grading. Ex; gym class dance is one of the earliest recorded forms of
human movement. dance is an art form that usually rhythmic and to music, used as a form of expression, social interaction, or presented n a spiritual or performance setting what is one of the earliest recorded forms of human movement? what is body composition? amount of body fat expressed as
a percentage. a percentage of the relative amount of lean body weight and fat tissue in the body. what is cardiovascular endurance? extremely high efficiency in the functioning of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels that results in the increased efficiency in the performance of continuous work involving large muscle groups. the range of movement at a joint or at joints what is muscular endurance? the ability of a muscle or muscle group to repeat muscular contractions against a force or to sustain a contraction over time.
what is muscular strength? the maximum amount of force that can be exerted? the ability to change direction rapidly with control; swiftness the ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving. the ability to execute movements smoothly and
efficiently the ability to produce force at fast speeds, a combination of strength and speed applied during short periods. what is exercise physiology? the study of effects of exercise on the body. research based, working with athletes. exercise physiology measures a number of responses from the body. the adaptation and responses of? 1. muscular system exercise physiology looks for changes. what is the difference between long term effects and short term
effects? long term effects - length of time short term effects - duration what are some study topics in Exercise physiology? 1. environmental factors the study of human movement what are the 4 major components of kinesiology? 1. exercise physiology why
is it necessary to take biology, anatomy, and physics? need to learn how the human body grows an how skills develop the study o the effects of natural laws and forces on the body in motion. studying the physics behind the motions what does "kines" mean in Latin? what does biomechanics combine? computer science, math, videography, photography, computers, physics, physiology, simulations studying physics behind the motion what are some examples of biomechanics? 1. sports: swimming or topic
footwear what is sports management and administration?
the direction given to the setting or structure in which physical activity is offered to a client. in sports management, what is a client? recognized that there is an exchange of money for goods/services provided. in sports management, what
is a setting? anywhere that sport takes place - arena, gym, public facilities. can be either a participant or a viewer. in sports management, what is a structure? the logistics or actual sport or physical activity itself. ex; tennis, jogging, golf, etc in sports management, what is direction? takes a certain type of personality to manage this business; aggressive, organized, leader, type A to understand sports management, we need to recognize that "sport" can take on various roles. what are the
roles? sports as: describe sports as: activity? forces on leadership and organization of sport in its true form. describe sports as: modality? uses sports/fitness/physical activity as a means to an end. sports help to accomplish something else managing this business therapeutic method that involves physical treatment of a disorder describe sports as: service? focus is not on the product or specific service but rather the delivery of the service. client is "purchasing" the service. the fees charged increase with level of service. ex: planet fitness vs ballys gold gym describe sports
as: tenant? sport or activity is a small component in a larger component. varieties of activities take place in which sports is just one tenant in the same location. Ex; meadowlands complex; football takes place but also concerts, shows, horse racing, concessions, transportation, ticket sales multitasking leaders, often work in various positions. product sales. the sport is just one component. describe sport as: sales product? looks at the demand that is created from perceived needs. ex: popularity of yoga mats, apparel, clothes, music, books, videos, etc what are some topics of study in sports management? finance, marketing, social media, organization/administration, human resources, risk management, facilities, management information provided to the learner about the nature of his/her performance or the results of the performance. it contributes both consciously and subconsciously to the management and
control of the movement. loosely related to feedback, term is often used interchangeably. any condition following a response that increases the probability of that response being repeated at a later time when a similar stimulus is presented. learner must have an idea of what is to be done. "learning by doing" once goals are
set, the key to learning is practice followed by feedback. related to goals, since once is motivated to action because of desired goals. can be internal (comes from within the individual) or external (material) the performer will actually reherse mentally or review cues for physical performance. concentration on the movement and not on the outcome basic movements or patterns must be learned before the next higher levels can be taught successfully. there is a critical period for learning skills - an optimal time when they can best be learned the influence of a learned task on a task to be learned or the utilization of strategies in a new situation which draw upon the previously learned skills. what is a learning curve? a graphic illustration of performance on a particular learning situation. curves will take different shapes depending on the learner and the nature of the learning material. the performance of the skills in the entirety until the learning has taken place. what is the part method of learning? breaking tasks into its component parts and then combining them into a finality of proper sequences motor development is the interrelationship between what three things? 1. physical ability how can we measure maturation process? 1. skeletal maturation: measurements of body parts. answers question: when were motor skills learned? infancy, adolescence, adulthood, aging motor development is continuous, sequential, age related process. look at motor skills associated with these time frames and when they are mastered. infant: basic skills, simple, survival what are some areas of study in motor development? heredity and the environment, variables or age and sex, progression of skill development, skill acquisition, individual differences study of internal processes associated with movement or respective action that results in changes in response and performance. internal process - blind happening what are examples of motor learning? 1. acquisition of motor skills a movement that is dependent on practice and experienced for its execution more experience the better you will get. "practice makes perfect" what are the type of skills? 1. fine skills. very small precise, slight movements we associate with our hands ex; buttoning, holding a pen, zippering skills associated with arms, core, legs (major muscles) ex; walking, running, or transport skills not effected by changes in the environment. no prediction, very easy skills much more difficult skill, execution is depended upon the environment, requires prediction, must make judgment or what is happening. what are locomotor skills? the skills require movement from place to place what are non-locomotor skills? skills that require slight bodily movement. bodily movement that requires little movement from place to place. ex; push/pull, bend/stretch what are manipulative skills? skills that involve moving an object through space ex: kicking a ball what are perceptual motor skills? the most difficult motor skill, requires precision and prediction, multiple things happening at once, hand-eye coordination skills ex; serving a tennis ball what are the psycho-social factors? 1. achievement why are sports and exercise such a powerful and important venue for examining how individuals behave? sport: outcome is
uncertain what are the different types of achievement? 1.
achievement compared to other or standards evaluative perception of performance (evaluation) what are the two types of aesthetics? 1. subjective aesthetics:
how i the athlete/performer evaluate the performance. what is affiliation tendency? basic human need to avoid isolation and seek presence of others. sports help to meet that need. 1. mere proximity: part of the team (same place,
time) what is arousal in sport-inverted "U"? moel used to describe the arousal performance relationship in sports. what's the level of arousal to maintain the maximum performance throughout sports. the intentional use of physical force engaged in to harm a person or property. what is in the mind of the aggressor? what are the two types of aggression? 1. hostile: emotional character and the content to do harm to the individual. is trying to inflict pain and attack individual. 2. reactive/instrumental both intentional referee decides which one you are. what 4 laws had an impact on sport in america? 1. 1964 civil right act why was the civil rights act significant? landmark piece of legislation in US. also created the equal employment opportunity commission (EEOC) how did the civil rights
act effect sports? integrated physical education classes made segregation in public facilities such as stadiums and fields to be illegal role of women in sports changed the face of professional sports EX: jackie robinson what was the significance of the 1972 title IX? greatest impact: funding for schools athletics, participation of women in nontraditional sports, salary/opportunity/scholarships equality in athletics law met with a lot of initial controversy what was the significance of Americans with disability Act (ADA)? extends civil rights protection to individuals
with disabilities. the act defines disability as a "physical or mental impairment that substantially limit a major life activity" major provisions of ADA include? 1. employment what was the impact of ADA in sport? facility design/accessibility, accommodation of individuals with a disability in programs, impact for employers in sports organizations/facilities, inclusion in physical education, recreation and athletic programs, increased the role of the federal government to assist individuals in filing a lawsuit on the basis of
discrimination. why was the 2002 nj code of conduct law created? written as a direct result of increasing incidents of violence at youth sporting events. what did the nj code of conduct law do? gave power to sports organization to control behavior of spectators, players, officials, at games, practices, and scrimmages. covered both verbal and physical abuse organization could mandate that everyone signs a code of conduct what is sports psychology? the study of human behavior in a sports setting. concerned with the individual. interested in both spectator and athlete. determines psycho-social factors that influences people and how they behave in a sports setting looks at the psychological factors that affect an individual both internally and externally what is the difference between internal and external factors? internal: what is going on in the athlete's life? stress, pressure, personal issues external: how are thy affected by the crowd? coaches, family, significant others? what is a sports setting? refers to anywhere that sports take place what are the two types of sports settings? formal: baseball field, basketball court, football field informal: jogging path, sports bar, park, beach
what are some examples of areas of study in sports psychology? 1. improve athlete performance what is sports sociology? the study of the social behavior and the organization of groups in a sports setting. focus is on the group and how the group is organized. this may change or limit the individuals behavior within the sports setting looks at how the group behaves and functions sports as integral part of society and culture sports as "culture" as mirror/predictor or societal trends what do sports sociologist study? 1. aggression in sports sports sociology' primary
focus is research can also help teams (groups) maximize performance. social roles: how is a group socially organized and how does it affect in individuals behavior relationship: how does the group interact with one another (coach/athlete) (athlete/athlete) (athlete/opponent) past experiences: values, past history, foundation etc. may affect how someone acts, relates in a group setting what is health psychology? study that focuses on the mental health benefits of sports participation promotes the emotional and psych-social well being that is a direct result of an active lifestyle mental health benefits what are the two target groups of health psychology? 1. athlete: try to promote mental health benefits as they already understand the physical benefits. 2. general public: help them understand that even a moderate amount of physical exercise will benefit them mentally. what is exercise addiction/dependence a condition that exists when dependence on exercise is so extreme that it implies impedes an individuals ability to function on a daily basis. this occurs when both the frequency and duration of the exercise routine becomes so extreme that an individual cannot function without it. in the same extreme as being addicted to drugs, alcohol, or food. What is the meaning of sports in Physical Education?'Sport' means all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental wellbeing, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competition at all levels.
What are some categories of sports for which participants must be especially fit?Examples: sports that require high aerobic fitness (e.g., swimming), strength ( football), muscular endurance (basketball), or flexibility and strength (gymnastics).
Is the scientific analysis of exercise or more inclusive physical activity?Exercise Science is the scientific analysis of exercise and physical activity. Sport is a highly organized, competitive physical activity governed by rules where the outcome is largely determined by skill and strategy.
Which method of cardiorespiratory training is most effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness?Getting regular physical activity, especially aerobic exercise, can improve cardiorespiratory endurance. Aerobic exercises can help promote heart and lung health and improve how well the body circulates and utilizes oxygen.
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Refers to highly organized, competitive sports engaged in by skillful participants.
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