A young child who suffers from a metabolic disease is always tired and fatigued

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as:

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    Of importance

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Which organelle is most likely responsible for the decreased energy and weakness?

Loss of function in mitochondria, the key organelle responsible for cellular energy production, can result in the excess fatigue and other symptoms that are common complaints in almost every chronic disease.

Which of the following is the smallest biological structure that would be visible with a standard research grade light microscope?

In practical terms, bacteria and mitochondria, which are about 500 nm (0.5 μm) wide, are generally the smallest objects whose shape can be clearly discerned in the light microscope; details smaller than this are obscured by effects resulting from the wave nature of light.

Which of the following processes will be unaffected in cells treated with cytochalasin D?

Organelle movement remains unaffected when cells are treated with cytochalasin D, or when the collapse of intermediate filaments is induced by microinjected monoclonal antivimentin antibodies.

Which organelle is most likely affected when an animal ingests cyanide resulting in decrease in ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption?

The toxicity of cyanide is linked mainly to the cessation of aerobic cell metabolism. Cyanide reversibly binds to the ferric ions cytochrome oxidase three within the mitochondria. This effectively halts cellular respiration by blocking the reduction of oxygen to water.