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 4. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter D labels the: a. maxillary sinuses b. ethmoid sinuses c. sphenoid sinuses d. frontal sinuses 2 ____ 5. How many bones comprise the bony orbit? a. 11 b. 7 c. 9 d. 5 3 ____ 6. The parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses requires the orbitomeatal line to be placed how many degrees from the plane of the IR? a. 30 degrees b. 20 degrees c. 27 degrees d. 37 degrees 4 __ 7. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the: a. ethmoid sinuses b. sphenoid sinuses c. maxillary sinuses d. frontal sinuses 5 ____ 9. The OML forms an angle of how many degrees from the plane of the IR for an open-mouth parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection? a. 45 degrees b. 25 degrees c. 35 to 40 degrees d. 37 degrees 6 ____ 10. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter D labels the: a. crista galli b. vomer c. cribriform plate d. perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone 7 ____ 11. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. What projection (method) is demonstrated? a. PA axial (Caldwell) b. parietoacanthial (Waters) c. SMV d. lateral b b. parietoacanthial (Waters) 8 ____ 12. The two ethmoidal sinuses are located within which bone? a. maxillary b. sphenoid c. frontal d. ethmoid 9 ____ 13. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the: a. sphenoid sinuses b. frontal sinuses c. ethmoid sinuses d. maxillary sinuses 10 ____ 185. Which reference line is positioned perpendicular to the angled IR for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses? a. AML b. OML c. MML d. IOML 11 ____ 23. Which of the following foramina will be demonstrated in the orbit on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph? a. ovale b. spinosum c. jugular d. rotundum 12 ____ 30. Which drawing in the figure below demonstrates the correct head position for the Waters method? a. left b. right 13 ____ 31. Which of the following are included as functions of the sinuses? (1) decrease the weight of the skull (2) warm and moisten inhaled air (3) provide a resonating chamber for voice a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 2 and 3 14 ____ 32. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the: a. sphenoid sinuses b. frontal sinuses c. crista galli d. ethmoid sinuses 15 ____ 37. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter F labels the: a. maxillary sinuses b. sphenoid sinuses c. ethmoid sinuses d. pharynx 16 ____ 43. The sinus identified in the figure below is the: a. ethmoidal b. frontal c. sphenoidal d. maxillary 17 ____ 44. The central ray forms an angle of how many degrees with the OML for the PA axial (Caldwell) projection of the sinuses? a. 12 degrees b. 15 degrees c. 5 degrees d. 20 degrees 18 ____ 46. Which of the following reference lines is placed perpendicular to the IR for a parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection? a. OML b. AML c. IOML d. MML 19 ____ 50. Which sinus is projected through the mouth on the open-mouth modification of the Waters method? a. maxillary b. sphenoidal c. frontal d. ethmoidal 20 ____ 56. At what age are all of the sinuses completely developed? a. 18 b. 10 c. 8 d. 14 21 ____ 60. Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on a lateral projection of the paranasal sinus? (1) all four sinus groups (2) superimposed orbital roofs (3) superimposed mandibular rami a. 2 and 3 b. 1, 2, and 3 c. 1 and 3 d. 1 and 2 22 ____ 61. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter C labels the: a. petrous ridge b. vomer c. sphenoid sinuses d. condyle of the mandible 23
____ 62. Which of the following must be projected below the maxillary sinuses for the parietoacanthial projection (Waters method) of the sinuses? a. sphenoidal sinuses b. petrous pyramids c. inferior orbital margin d. zygomatic bones 24 ____ 168. What projection (method) of the facial bones is demonstrated in the image below? a. AP axial (Towne) b. PA axial (Caldwell) c. parietoacanthial (modified Waters) d. parietoacanthial (Waters) delete cc. parietoacanthial (modified Waters) 25 ____ 79. The most effective way to protect the patient from unnecessary radiation during sinus radiography is to use: (1) low kVp (2) proper collimation (3) short exposure times a. 3 only b. 1 only c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 2 only 26 ____ 84. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter A labels the: a. maxillary sinuses b. ethmoid sinuses c. sphenoid sinuses d. frontal sinuses 27 ____ 101. Which of the sinuses is developed at birth and visible radiographically? a. maxillary b. sphenoidal c. frontal d. ethmoidal 28 ____ 192. To successfully demonstrate the ethmoidal and sphenoidal sinuses on the SMV projection, which of the following must occur? (1) the patient must be recumbent (2) the infraorbitomeatal line must be parallel with the IR (3) the central ray must be perpendicular to the infraorbitomeatal line and horizontal a. 2 and 3 b. 1 and 2 c. 1 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 29 ____ 112. Which projection will best demonstrate the frontal and anterior ethmoidal sinuses? (1) PA (2) parietoacanthial (Waters) (3) PA axial (Caldwell) a. 1 only b. 2 only c. 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3 30 ____ 125. Where are the petrous ridges seen on a parietoacanthial (Waters method) radiograph? a. in the lower two thirds of the maxillary sinuses b. inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses c. superior to the maxillary sinuses d. in the middle of the maxillary sinuses bb. inferior to the floor of the maxillary sinuses 31 ____ 127. Which sinus is located immediately below the sella turcica? a. maxillary b. ethmoidal c. sphenoidal d. frontal 32 ____ 129. For the open-mouth modification of the Waters method, the central ray should exit the: a. acanthion b. glabella c. nasion d. open mouth 33 ____ 130. Patients who are having an examination of the paranasal sinuses should always be examined in the upright position to: (1) demonstrate the presence or absence of fluid (2) differentiate between fluid and other pathological conditions (3) make it easier for the radiographer to position the patient a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3 34 ____ 136. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the: a. frontal sinuses b. maxillary sinuses c. ethmoid sinuses d. sphenoid sinuses 35 ____ 137. The respiration phase for all projections of the facial bones and sinuses is: a. inspiration b. shallow breathing c. suspended d. expiration 36 ___ 142. Which reference line is positioned horizontal to ensure proper extension of the head during a lateral projection of the sinuses? a. MML b. AML c. OML d. IOML 37 ____ 148. Which projections will demonstrate the ethmoidal sinuses? (1) lateral (2) PA axial (Caldwell) (3) SMV a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 1 and 3 38 ____ 159. The largest sinus is the: a. frontal b. maxillary c. sphenoidal d. ethmoidal 39 ____ 165. The central ray is directed perpendicular to which reference line for the SMV projection of the sinuses? a. OIML b. MML c. AML d. OML 40 ____ 168. What projection (method) of the facial bones is demonstrated in the image below? a. AP axial (Towne) b. PA axial (Caldwell) c. parietoacanthial (modified Waters) d. parietoacanthial (Waters) cc. parietoacanthial (modified Waters) 41 ____ 174. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter E labels the: a. sphenoid sinuses b. ethmoid sinuses c. frontal sinuses d. maxillary sinuses 42 ____ 177. When using the angled grid technique for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses, the vertical grid device must be angled: a. 20 degrees b. 7 degrees c. 15 degrees d. 10 degrees 43 ____ 179. At which level should the central ray enter the base of the skull for the SMV projection of the sinuses? a. inch anterior to the level of the EAM b. 1 inch below the mental protuberance c. inch below the mental protuberance d. inch posterior to the level of the EAM aa. inch anterior to the level of the EAM 44 ____ 182. Where is the IR centered for the parietoacanthial (Waters method) projection of the sinuses? a. nasion b. acanthion c. inion d. glabella 45 ____ 184. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter B labels the: a. maxillary sinuses b. sphenoid sinuses c. frontal sinuses d. ethmoid sinuses 46 ____ 185. Which reference line is positioned perpendicular to the angled IR for the PA axial (Caldwell method) projection of the sinuses? a. AML b. OML c. MML d. IOML 47 ____ 187. Which of the following projections will best demonstrate the maxillary sinuses? (1) parietoacanthial (Waters) (2) PA axial (Caldwell) (3) submentovertical a. 2 only b. 3 only c. 1 only d. 1, 2, and 3 48 ____ 188. The bone identified in the figure below is the: a. maxilla b. ethmoid c. frontal d. mandible 49 ____ 191. Examine the image of the paranasal sinuses below. The letter C labels the: a. ethmoid sinuses b. maxillary sinuses c. petrous ridge d. sphenoid sinuses 50
Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding a PA Axial projection of the paranasal sinuses? 1. the OML is elevated 15 degrees from the horizontal 2. the petrous pyramids completely fill the orbits 3. the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses are visualized a. 1 only b. 1 and 2 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3 51 inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinuses describes a. parasitis b. sinusitis c. nasalitis d. mucusitis Which sinuses are visualized through the open mouth on an open mouth modification of a Parietoacantial projection Water's method?Maxillary sinuses with the inferior aspect visualized, free from superimposition alveolar processes and petrous ridges, the inferior orbital rim, an oblique view of the frontal sinuses, and the sphenoid sinuses visualized through the open mouth.
Which sinus is projected through the mouth on the open mouth modification of the waters method?The Waters view (see the image below) shows the maxillary antra clearly. The frontal sinus is projected obliquely, and the ethmoid air cells are obscured, although a few may be seen along the medial walls of the orbit and within the nose. The sphenoid sinus is seen through the open mouth.
Which of the sinuses can be visualized using the open mouth waters method?Sphenoidal sinus is optimally visualized through the open mouth on a Waters' view.
Which sinuses will be demonstrated in the Parietoacanthial transoral view open mouth waters method )?What are the clinical indications for a parietoacanthial transoral (open-mouth Waters) projection? Sphenoid sinuses projected through the oral cavity.
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Which sinuses are visualized through the open mouth on an open mouth modification of a Parietoacantial projection waters method?
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