Show Which two vertebral curvatures are anteriorly concave?Definition Thoracic and sacral(pelvic)Term Which two vertebral curves are kyphotic curves?Definition Thoracic and sacral (pelvic)Term Which two vertebral curves are lordotic curves?Definition Term Which two vertebral curves are primary curves?Definition Thoracic and Sacral(pelvic)Term Which spinal condition involves an excessive dorsal curvature of the thoracic vertebral column?Definition Term Which abnormal spinal condition involves any lateral curvature of the vertebral column?Definition Term What is the name of the short, thick bony processes that project posteriorly from the lateral and superior aspects of vertebral bodies of typical vertebrae?Definition Term From the junction of which two vertebral structures do transverse processes originate in typical vertebrae?Definition Term Which vertebral structures unite at the origin of the spinous processes of a typical vertebra?Definition Term Which structures of a typical vertebra are the zygaphophyses?Definition Term On which structure is the dens located?Definition Term Which structure is known as the atlas?Definition Term Which is known as the axis?Definition Term On which structure is the dens located?Definition Term Which cervical vertebral structures are perforated with a foramen for the passage of the vertebral artery and vein?Definition Term Which vertebral structures have bifid tips?Definition Spinous processes of the cervical vertebraeTerm With reference to the midsagittal plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in cervical vertebrae?Definition Term With reference to the midsagittal plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in thoracic vertebrae?Definition Term Thoracic vertebrae differ from cervical vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae because thoracic vertebrae have:Definition Term Which structures articulate with vertebral demifacets?Definition Term With reference to the midsagittal plane, how do zygapophyseal joints open in lumbar vertebrae?Definition 30-50 degrees posteriorlyTerm Lumbar vertebrae differ from cervical and thoracic vertebrae because lumbar vertebrae have:Definition Broad, large spinous processesTerm Which parts of the sacrum form the joints of the ilia of the pelvis?Definition Term The AP projection that demonstrates the dens using the Fuchs method differs from the AP projection(open mouth) because the Fuchs Method:Definition Extends the chin and keeps the mouth closed.Term The radiographer should not use the Fuchs method to obtain the AP projection of the dens if the patient is:Definition Suspected to have a fracture or degenerative disease.Term Which projection of the cervical vertebrae demonstrates the dens imaged within the foramen magnum?Definition AP Projection (Fuchs Method)Term Which cervical structures are best demonstrated with the AP Projection (open mouth)?Definition Term How should the central ray be directed for the AP projection (open mouth)?Definition Term How and where should the central ray be directed for the AP axial projection of the cervical vertebral column?Definition 15-20 degrees cephalad to C4.Term How should the IR be positioned for the AP axial projection of the cervical vertebral column?Definition Term For which projection of the cervical vertebrae should the central ray be angled 15-20 degrees cephalad?Definition AP axial projection Cervical SpineTerm Whih evaluation criterion does not apply to the AP axial projection of the cervical vertebral column?Definition C1 and C2 should be seen without mandibular superimpositioning.Term Which projectin of the cervical vertebral column requires a SID of 72"?Definition Term Which manuever should be used to help obtain maximum depression of the shoulders in the lateral projection of the cervical vertebral column?Definition Suspend respiration after full expiration.Term What should be done so that the magnified shoulder farthest from the IR is projected below the lower cervical vertebrae for the lateral projection of the cervical spine?Definition Angle the central ray 15 degrees caudad.Term What should be done to prevent mandibular rami from superimposing cervical vertebrae in the lateral projection of the cervical vertebral column?Definition Term What should be done to reduce magnification caused by the increased object-to-image distance in lateral projections of the cervical spine?Definition Term Which projection of the cervical vertebral column uses the same central ray direction and centering as hyperextension and hyperfexion studies of the cervical vertebrae?Definition Term Which projection of the cervical vertebrae deomonstrates the spinous processes elevated and widely separated?Definition Hyperflexion lateral projectionTerm Which projection of the cervical vertebrae demonstrates the spinous processes depressed and in close approximation?Definition Hyperextension lateral projectionTerm Which projection of the cervical vertebrae should produce a radiographic image showing the patient's mandibular body nearly perpendicular to the lower border of the radiograph?Definition Hyperfexion lateral projectionTerm Which projection for cervical vertebrae must be exposed with a horizontal and perpendicular central ray?Definition Term How should the central ray be directed for AP axial oblique projections of the cervical vertebral column?Definition Cephalically 15-20 degreesTerm How should the CR be directed for a PA axial oblique projections of the cervical vertebral column?Definition Term Which projection of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina?Definition AP Axial Oblique projectionTerm Which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the left intervertebral foramina with the central ray angled 15-20 degrees cephalad?Definition Right Posterior Oblique (RPO)Term Which position of the cervical vertebral column best demonstrates the right intervertebral foramina with the CR angled 15-20 degrees caudad?Definition Term How many degrees from either AP or the PA position should the entire body be rotated for oblique projections of the cervical column?Definition Term Which evaluation criterion pertains to the AP projection (FUCHS method) of the cervical vertebrae?Definition The entire dens should be seen thru the foramen magnum.Term Which evaluation criterion pertains to the AP axial projection of teh cervical vertebral column?Definition The spinous processes should be equidistant to the pedicles.Term Which evaluation criterion pertains to the lateral projection of the cervical vertebral column?Definition All seven cervical vertebrae should be demonstrated.Term Which evaluation criterion pertains to eh AP axial oblique projection of the cervical vertebral column?Definition The intervertebral foramina should be open with those farthest from the IR well demonstrated.Term Which evaluation criterion pertains to the PA axial oblique projections fo the cervical vertebral column?Definition The intervertebral foramina should be open with those closest to the IR well demonstrated.Term Which projection should be included in a cervical series if the lateral projection does not demonstrate the C7 vertebra?Definition Lateral Projection (Twining Method)(Swimmers)Term For the lateral projection(Twining method) of the cervical vertebrae, how and where should the CR be directed?Definition Perpendicular to the intervertebral disk space of C7 and T1.Term Which of the following structures are best demonstrated with the lateral projection (Twining Method)?Definition Lower cervical vertebrae (Cervicothoracic vertebrae)Term For the AP projection of the thoracic vertebral column, where should the CR be directed on the anterior chest wall?Definition Slightly below sternal angleTerm With reference to the patient, where should the top border of the IR be positioned for the AP projection of the thoracic vertebral column?Definition 1 1/2 to 2 inches (3.8-5cm) above the top of the shoulders.Term For the AP projection of the thoracic vertebral column with the patient in the supine position, why should the patient's hips and knees be flexed?Definition To reduce dorsal kyphosisTerm Which projection most requires usage of the anode heel affect to improve image quality?Definition AP projection of the thoracic vertebral columnTerm Which projection best demonstrates the intervertebral foramina of the thoracic vertebral column?Definition Term When performing the lateral projection for thoracic vertebrae, what is the preferred procedure that should be performed when the long axis of the vertebral column is not horizontal?Definition Elevate the lower or upper thoracic region with a radiolucent support.Term When performing the lateral projection for thoracic vertebrae, what is the preferred procedure that should be performed when the long axis of the vertebral column is not horizontal?Definition Elevate the lower or upper thoracic region with a radiolucent support.Term When performing the lateral projection for thoracic vertebrae, what is the preferred procedure that should be performed when the long axis of the vertebral column is not horizontal?Definition Elevate the lower or upper thoracic region with a radiolucent support.Term To what level of the body should the CR be directed for lateral projections of the thoracic vertebral column?Definition Inferior angle of scapulaTerm what compensation should be made in the lateral projection of the thoracic vertebral column on a recumbent patient when the lower thoracic region is not parallel with the table?Definition Angle the CR 10-15 degrees cephaladTerm which of the following structures are best demonstrated with the lateral position projection(Twining Method)?Definition Term Which projection of the vertebral column best demonstrates kyphosis?Definition Lateral Projection of the thoracic vertebral columnTerm Which projection of the vertebral column best demonstrates scoliosis?Definition PA projection of the thoracic vertebral columnTerm Which projection of the vertebral column best demonstrates lordosis?Definition Lateral Projection of the lumbar vertebral column.Term Why should the patient flex the hips and knees for the AP projection of the lumbar vertebral column?Definition To reduce lordotic curvature.Term How should the IR be positioned for the AP projection of the lumbar vertebrae and sacrum?Definition Centered on the level of the iliac crestsTerm Which positioning manuever should be performed to reduce the normal lordotic curvature for the AP projection of the lumbar vertebral column?Definition Term Which plane or line of the patient should be centered on the midline of the table for the AP projection of the lumbar vertebral column?Definition Term Where should the CR be directed for the AP projection of the lumbar vertebral column for a lumbosacral examination?Definition Term Which plane or line of the patient should be centered on the midline of the table for the lateral projection of the lumbar vertebral column?Definition Term Which projection of the lumbar vertebral column best demonstrates intervertebral foramina?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for the lateral projection of the lumbar vertebral column when the vertebral column is parallel with table?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for the lateral projection of the lumbar vertebral column when the lumbar vertebral column is not parallel with table?Definition 5 degrees caudad for males, 8 degrees caudad for females.Term How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for the lateral projection of L5-S1 when the lumbar vertebral column is parallel with the table?Definition Term Which projection of the lumbar vertebral column best demonstrates zygapophyseal joints?Definition Term Which vertebral structures are best demonstrated if a supine patient is rotated 45 degrees with the right side elevated and a perpendicular CR is directed at the lumbar vertebrae?Definition Zygapophyseal joints on the left sideTerm Which vertebral structures are best demonstrated with the AP oblique projection of the lumbar vertebral column with the patient RPO?Definition Zygapophyseal joints of the right side.Term Which vertebral structures are best demonstrated with the AP oblique projection of the lumbar vertebral column with the patient LPO?Definition zygapophyseal joints on the left side.Term Which positioning error most likely occured if the zygapophyseal joints were not well demonstrated and the pedicle was quite anterior on the vertebral body in AP oblique projection radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column?Definition The patient was not rotated enough.Term Which positoning error most likely occurred if the zygapophyseal joints were not well demonstrated and the pedicle was quite posterior on the vertebral body AP oblique projection radiographs of the lumbar vertebral column?Definition The patient was rotated too much.Term Which projection of the vertebral column demonstrates the "Scottie Dog"?Definition Oblique projection of the lumbar vertebral column.Term What is demonstrated if the Scottie Dog is well visualized?Definition Zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar vertebrae.Term How many degrees of body rotation are necessary for the AP oblique projection of the lumbar vertebral column?Definition Term Which projection of the lumbar vertebral column places the midsagittal plane perpendicular to IR?Definition Term Which projection fo the lumbar vertebral column places the midsagittal plane parallel with IR?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for AP axial projections of the lumbosacral junction?Definition Term Which projection best demonstrates the right sacroiliac joint?Definition AP oblique projection with the patient in the LPO positionTerm Which projection best demonstrates the left sacroiliac joint?Definition AP oblique projection with the patient in the RPO position.Term How many degrees of body rotation from the supine position are required for AP oblique projections of the sacroiliac joints?Definition Term How many degrees and in what direction should the CR be directed for AP axial projections of Sacrum?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed if it is necessary to have the patient prone for a PA axial projection of the sacrum?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction should the central ray be directed for AP projections of the coccyx?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed if it is necessary to have the patient prone for the PA projection of coccyx?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction should the CR be directed for lateral projections of the sacrum?Definition Term How many degrees and in which direction hsould the central ray be directed for lateral projections of the coccyx?Definition Term Which projection of the Ferguson method should be performed to best evaluate scoliosis?Definition What projection shows cervical zygapophyseal joints?Cervical articular facets (forming zygapophyseal joints) are 90° to the midsagittal plane and are therefore well demonstrated in the lateral projection.
Which of the following position will best demonstrate the left zygapophyseal joints of the thoracic spine?Spine Question's. Which position or projection of the cervical spine best demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints between C3 and C7?Textbook of Radiographic Positioning and Related Anatomy Ch 8 Self Test. What is zygapophyseal joint?Applied anatomy
Zygapophyseal joints are the only synovial joints in the spine, with hyaline cartilage overlying subchondral bone, a synovial membrane and a joint capsule; they comprise the postero-lateral articulation between vertebral levels (Figure 1). The joint space has a potential capacity of 1 to 2 ml.
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Which projection of the thoracic spine demonstrates the Zygapophyseal joints?
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