Which of these conditions do not occur in populations evolving due to natural selection Quizlet

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The intertidal zone is habitat for many different sessile organisms that compete for space on rocks; however, one species of mussel (Mytilus) is a strong competitor for space and will overgrow and "choke out" all other species attached to the rocks. Choose the statement below that best describes how starfish interact with Mytilus and the consequences of this interaction.

a. Starfish and Mytilus have a high amount of overlap in the food they eat, but starfish can produce more offspring using fewer resources, which enables them to out-compete Mytilus and reduce the numbers of Mytilus in the populations. A lower abundance of Mytilus means there are more resources available for other species.

b. Starfish and Mytilus are mutualists and when they occur together, the fitness of both organisms increases to the point that they dominate the intertidal community.

c. Starfish have adapted a chemical defense against Mytilus and prevent it from establishing wherever starfish are present. This allows for establishment of other intertidal species.

d. Starfish preferentially prey on Mytilus and reduce its abundance to the point that enough resources (space) are available to allower weaker competitors against Mytilus to maintain small populations.

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27) If Darwin had been aware of genes and their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement?
A) If natural selection can change gene frequency in a population over generations, given enough time and genetic diversity, then natural selection can cause sufficient genetic change to produce new species from old ones.
B) If an organism's somatic cell genes change during its lifetime, making it more fit, then it will be able to pass these genes on to its offspring.
C) If an organism acquires new genes by engulfing, or being infected by, another organism, then a new genetic species will result.
D) A single mutation in a single gene in a single gamete, if inherited by future generations, will produce a new species.

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