Voting and Elections
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Learn about the presidential election process, including the Electoral College, caucuses and primaries, and the national conventions.
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Electoral CollegeIn other U.S. elections, candidates are elected directly by popular vote. But the president and vice president are not elected directly by citizens. Instead, they are chosen by “electors” through a process called the Electoral College. The process of using electors comes from the Constitution. It was a compromise between a popular vote by citizens and a vote in Congress. The ElectorsEach state gets as many electors as it has members of Congress (House and Senate). Including Washington, D.C.’s three electors, there are currently 538 electors in all. Each state’s political parties choose their own slate of potential electors. Who is chosen to be an elector, how, and when varies by state. How Does the Electoral College Process Work?After you cast your ballot for president, your vote goes to a statewide tally. In 48 states and Washington, D.C., the winner gets all the electoral votes for that state. Maine and Nebraska assign their electors using a proportional system. A candidate needs the vote of at least 270 electors—more than half of all electors in the U.S.—to win the presidential election. In most cases, a projected winner is announced on election night in November after you vote. But the actual Electoral College vote takes place in mid-December when the electors meet in their states. See the Electoral College timeline of events for the 2020 election. While the Constitution does not require electors to vote for the candidate chosen by their state's popular vote, some states do. The rare elector who votes for someone else may be fined, disqualified and replaced by a substitute elector, or potentially even prosecuted by their state. Special SituationsWinning the Popular Vote but Losing the ElectionIt is possible to win the Electoral College but lose the popular vote. This happened in 2016, in 2000, and three times in the 1800s. What Happens if No Candidate Wins the Majority of Electoral Votes?If no candidate receives the majority of electoral votes, the vote goes to the House of Representatives. House members choose the new president from among the top three candidates. The Senate elects the vice president from the remaining top two candidates. This has only happened once. In 1824, the House of Representatives elected John Quincy Adams as president. How to Change the Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College process is in the U.S. Constitution. It would take a constitutional amendment to change the process. Video: How to Become President of the USAExplains the presidential election process from beginning to end. Overview of the Presidential Election ProcessAn election for president of the United States happens every four years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. The most recent presidential election was November 3, 2020. Primaries, Caucuses, and Political ConventionsThe election process begins with primary elections and
caucuses. These are two methods that states use to select a potential presidential nominee What is the Role of the Electoral College?During
the general election What is a Typical Presidential Election Cycle?The presidential election process follows a typical cycle:
Presidential Primaries and CaucusesBefore the general election, most candidates for president go through a series of state primaries and caucuses. Though primaries and caucuses are run differently, they both serve the same purpose. They let the states choose the major political parties’ nominees for the general election. How State Primaries and Caucuses Work
Learn which states have which types of primaries. Awarding Delegates From the Primaries and CaucusesAt stake in each primary or caucus is a certain number of delegates. These are individuals who represent their state at national party conventions. The candidate who receives a majority of the party’s delegates wins the nomination. The parties have different numbers of delegates due to the rules involved in awarding them. Each party also has some unpledged delegates or superdelegates. These delegates are not bound to a specific candidate heading into the national convention. When the primaries and caucuses are over, most political parties hold a national convention. This is when the winning candidates receive their nomination. For information about your state's presidential primaries or caucuses, contact your state election office or the political party of your choice. U.S. Constitutional Requirements for Presidential CandidatesThe president must:
Anyone who meets these requirements can declare their candidacy for president. Once a candidate raises or spends more than $5,000 for their campaign, they must register with the Federal Election Commission. That includes naming a principal campaign committee to raise and spend campaign funds. National ConventionsAfter the primaries and caucuses, most political parties hold national conventions. What Happens at a National Political Convention?To become the presidential nominee, a candidate typically has to win a majority of delegates. This usually happens through the party's state primaries and caucuses. State delegates go to the national convention to vote to confirm their choice of candidates. But if no candidate gets the majority of a party's delegates during the primaries and caucuses, convention delegates choose the nominee. This happens through additional rounds of voting. Types of Delegates at a National ConventionThere are two main types of delegates.
Contested and Brokered ConventionsIn rare cases, none of the party's candidates may have a majority of delegates going into the convention. The convention is then considered "contested." Delegates will pick their presidential nominee through one or more rounds of voting.
At the convention, the presidential nominee officially announces their selection of a vice presidential running mate. Last Updated: September 13, 2022 TopWhat is the difference between a caucus and a primary quizlet?How do primaries and caucuses differ? Primaries are less hands on and allows the voters to show up and select a candidate. Caucuses are more hands on and are gatherings of local political party leaders that register their preference among candidates running for office.
What is the overall purpose of caucuses and primary elections quizlet?What is the overall purpose of caucuses and primary elections? To provide each political party's member with the means by which the party will select its presidential candidate. If no candidate receives a majority of electoral votes, how is the presidential election decided?
What most distinguishes political parties from interest groups quizlet?What distinguishes political parties from interest groups? Interest groups are limited to promoting specific policies relevant to their group; political parties must address all policies as they attempt to govern.
Which of the following offers the best definition of political participation according to the text quizlet?Which of the following offers the best definition of political participation, according to the text? A voter who makes a ballot choice based on what candidates promise to do if elected is engaging in what kind of voting?
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