1) Personality disorders (PD) consist of a loosely-bound cluster of sub-types. Which of the following common features are evident in PD? Show
2) Which of the following is the most well-known of the Personality disorders ? 3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of individuals with paranoid personality disorder 4) An Individual with a schizotypal personality disorder will usually exhibit which of the following characteristics? 5) Which of the following is a subtype of Dramatic/Emotional Personality Disorders (Cluster B) 6) The term 'sociopath' or 'psychopath' is sometimes used to describe which type of personality disorder 7) An individual with narcissistic personality disorder will routinely overestimate their abilities and inflate their accomplishments, and this is characterized by which of the following? 8) The apparent lack of empathy and the tendency to exploit others for self-benefit, has lead psychologists to compare narcissistic personality disorder with which one of the following? 9) Which of the following are considered to be the main features of avoidant personality disorder? 10) Some clinicians have come to believe that antisocial personality disorder and social phobia are both components of a broader spectrum called: 11) An Individual with Dependent Personality Disorder will exhibit which of the following? 12) An Individual with Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder will exhibit which of the following characteristics? 13) Which of the following is NOT considered to be a risk factors for personality disorders ? 14) The formalistic similarities between Cluster A disorders and schizophrenia have led researchers to argue that they are part of a broader 15) According to psychodynamic theory which of the following is NOT deemed to be characteristic of the parents of an individual with paranoid personality disorder 16) Antisocial Personality Disorder is closely associated with criminal and antisocial behaviour. Because of this, considerable effort has been invested in attempting which of the following? 17) Personality disorders are an enduring patterns of behaviour that persist from childhood into adulthood and because of this fact, one of the best predictors of APD in adulthood is a diagnosis of 18) Behaviour of individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder often appears impulsive and unpredictable due to switching quickly and unpredictably between: 19) More recent research has linked Borderline Personality Disoder (BPD) with bipolar disorder, and the two are often comorbid. Some individuals with BPD belong to a broader: 20) Evidence suggests that individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder have a number of brain abnormalities that may give rise to impulsive behaviour. There is evidence for dysfunction in brain: 21) According to psychodynamic theory individuals are sometimes motivated to respond to the world through the perspectives they have learnt from important other people in their developmental past. This is called: 22) Psychodynamic theories of personality disorders that individuals with weak egos engage in a defence mechanism called: 23) Narcissistic personality disorder is also closely associated with antisocial personality disorder (APD),. Which of the following is not a way in narcissistic individuals will regularly act: 24) Which of the following is not usually associated with Avoidant Personality Disorder? 25) Which of the following is a particular example of psychodynamic treatment which attempts to strengthen the individual's weak ego so that they are able to address issues in their life without constantly flipping from one extreme view to another: 26) There is one particular form of therapy that has been successfully used to treat individuals with personality disorders and involves providing them with insight into their dysfunctional ways of thinking, and is designed to provide them with the necessary skills to overcome these problematic ways of thinking and behaving. Which of the following is this therapy ? 27) Cognitive behavioural therapy may be used to treat an individual with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder by challenging: 28) In the treatments of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder a therapist may change dysfunctional schemata by: 29) Which of the following could be described as a stage of schemata therapy for personality disorder? 30) Which of the following is not a DSM-IV-TR criterion for schizoid personality disorder? Learning Objectives
Cluster B personality disorders include those related to impulsive, dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior. These include antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), histrionic personality disorder (HPD), and narcissistic personality disorder (NPD). We will review histrionic personality disorder on this page.
Histrionic Personality DisorderHistrionic personality disorder (HPD) is a personality disorder characterized by a pattern of excessive attention-seeking behaviors, usually beginning in early childhood, including inappropriate seduction and an excessive need for approval. People diagnosed with the disorder are said to be lively, dramatic, vivacious, enthusiastic, and flirtatious. People with a histrionic personality disorder (HPD) may feel underappreciated or disregarded when they are not the center of attention. People with this disorder are typically “the life of the party” and have a “larger than life” presence. People with histrionic personality disorder (HPD) have a high need for attention, make loud and inappropriate appearances, exaggerate their behaviors and emotions, and crave stimulation. They may exhibit sexually provocative behavior, express strong emotions with an impressionistic style, and can be easily influenced by others. Diagnostic CriteriaThe DSM-5 defines histrionic personality disorder as a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts, as indicated by five (or more) of the following characteristics:
Differential DiagnosisThe differential diagnosis (unique attributes that differentiate a disorder from others with similar features) for histrionic personality disorder includes narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, somatic symptom disorder, and illness anxiety disorder.
ComorbidityMost people with histrionic personality disorder also have other mental disorders. Comorbid conditions include antisocial, dependent, borderline, and narcissistic personality disorders as well as depression, anxiety disorders, panic disorder, somatoform disorders, anorexia nervosa, substance use disorder, and attachment disorders. EpidemiologyThe prevalence of histrionic personality disorder in the general population runs about 2%-3%. It is possible for people to have more than one personality disorder. Women are four times more likely to be diagnosed with histrionic personality disorder than men. However, research suggests that women may be overly diagnosed with this disorder when compared to men due to sexual-forwardness being less socially acceptable for women. Furthermore, men may be less likely to report their symptoms and thereby be under-diagnosed. Histrionic personality disorder tends to be ego-syntonic, meaning people with this disorder typically consider their behavior to be normal and struggle to identify a problem. EtiologyHistrionic personality disorder probably develops as a combination of both learned and inherited factors. One hypothesis is that histrionic personality disorder may develop as a result of trauma experienced during childhood. Children may endure their trauma by coping with their environment in ways that may ultimately lead to a personality disorder. Personality disorders in childhood may originate as an adaptation to cope with a traumatic situation or traumatic environment. Parenting styles may also influence the likelihood of developing a histrionic personality disorder. Parenting that lacks boundaries is over-indulgent, or inconsistent may predispose children to develop a histrionic personality disorder. Because histrionic personality disorder tends to run in families, there is some consideration that there is genetic susceptibility for this disorder that may be inherited. As with all psychiatric disorders, having a family history of personality disorders, psychiatric illness, or substance use disorders is a risk factor for histrionic personality disorder. TreatmentSupportive psychotherapy is a recommended modality of treatment for patients with histrionic personality disorder, as this approach is found to be encouraging, reassuring, and non-threatening. Supportive psychotherapy aims to reduce emotional distress, improve self-esteem, and to enhance the patient’s coping skills, all through attentive and sympathetic listening. Psychodynamic psychotherapy (also called insight-oriented therapy) has also proven to be a successful approach in treating patients with histrionic personality disorder. The goal of this therapy is to alter an aspect of a patient’s dysfunctional personality by integrating crucial developmental milestones a patient may have missed during previous stages of emotional maturation. Psychodynamic psychotherapy aims to resolve underlying, unconscious conflicts in an effort for patients to understand themselves and their behaviors better. The patients are encouraged to substitute excessively dramatic speech for a more adaptive action or behavior, to promote better communication with others. Through psychodynamic psychotherapy, patients learn to recognize that hyper-sexual, attention-seeking behaviors are maladaptive, and discover new, healthier ways to develop self-esteem. While the gold standard for treating personality disorders is psychotherapy, patients with histrionic personality disorder may be profoundly symptomatic. Patients may experience affective dysregulation, where they frequently endure mood swings, anger, tearfulness, anxiety, and depression. While there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of histrionic personality disorder, affective dysregulation may be treated with antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics. Antidepressants that have proven to be effective include desipramine, fluoxetine, amitriptyline, and fluvoxamine. The mood stabilizers with proven therapeutic benefits include lamotrigine, carbamazepine, topiramate, valproate, and lithium. Research has demonstrated that antipsychotics such as risperidone, aripiprazole, olanzapine, and haloperidol have been useful in treating affective dysregulation. Patients with histrionic personality disorder may struggle with impulse control and regulation of their behaviors. Clinical trials have demonstrated that mood stabilizers specifically can target these symptoms. Key Takeaways: Histrionic Personality DisorderThink it Over: Michael Scott’s DiagnosisMany of you are familiar with the fictional character Michael Scott from the hit TV show The Office. Scott is a 46-year-old, Caucasian male from Scranton, Pennsylvania, and the regional manager at Dunder Mifflin Inc., a local paper and printer distribution company. Michael Scott’s outward appearance is well put together, as he presents as a business professional, and there are no obvious health concerns. Despite his seemingly composed demeanor, Scott displays exaggerated emotions and reactions. In addition to these exaggerations, romantic relationships have proven turbulent for Scott throughout his life, as he goes from one relationship to the next with the other person usually being the one to end the relationship. He has few close friends or relatives and tends to perceive new friendships as closer than they actually are. Scott believes his subordinates to be his family, and oftentimes gets involved in their personal lives without their consent. His parents divorced when he was young (age unknown), and he displays clear resentment towards his stepfather and sister, whom he once didn’t talk to for fifteen years. Scott has a very close relationship with his mother now, though this was not the case when he was a child. Though Scott seems to be lacking in managerial style, responsibility, and delegation, he demonstrates above-average sales abilities due to his personable qualities. Scott does not have a history of drug or alcohol abuse, though he will drink in social situations and when pressured to do so by coworkers. Some of Michael Scott’s behaviors fit with the description of histrionic personality disorder, namely that he likes to be the center of attention, uses impressionistic speech, considers relationships to be more intimate than they actually are, and even shows self-dramatization at times. These things still do not meet all five criteria for the diagnosis, however. This video by Dr. Grande goes through each of the criteria for histrionic personality disorder (start at the 14:54 mark), then goes on to explain why Michael Scott may better fit the description for narcissistic personality disorder, which we’ll examine on the next page. Because of the overlap in some of the criteria and frequent comorbidity of histrionic personality disorder with other personality disorders, some scholars have recommended removing the histrionic diagnosis altogether. Bakkevig and Karterud (2010), in a study carried out with a sample of patients attending psychiatric day hospital, concluded that the prevalence of HPD was very low (0.4%) and comorbidity was high, especially with borderline, narcissistic, and dependent personality disorders. They suggested that the HPD category should be deleted from the DSM system, excepting that clinical phenomena of exhibitionism and attention-seeking, which are the dominant personality features of HPD, should be preserved in an exhibitionistic subtype of narcissism.[1] Try ItGlossaryhistrionic personality disorder: characterized by a pattern of excessive attention-seeking behaviors, usually beginning in early childhood, including inappropriate seduction and an excessive need for approval personality disorder: group of DSM-5 disorders characterized by an inflexible and pervasive personality style that differs markedly from the expectations of one’s culture and causes distress and impairment What is an example of histrionic?Exaggerated crying, unnecessary yelling, and overdone gestures are all examples of histrionics. Unlike real emotional reactions, histrionics are fake and intended to manipulate others.
What are the 3 main characteristics of a personality disorder?Thoughts, displays of emotion, impulsiveness, and interpersonal behavior must deviate significantly from the expectations of an individual's culture in order to be diagnosed with a personality disorder.
Which of the following are features of schizoid personality disorder?Prefer being alone and choose to do activities alone. Don't want or enjoy close relationships. Feel little if any desire for sexual relationships. Feel like you can't experience pleasure.
What causes histrionic personality disorder?Histrionic Personality Disorder Causes and Risk Factors
A family history of personality disorders, anxiety, or depression. Learning behaviors from a parent or caregiver with histrionic personality disorder. A lack of criticism or punishment as a child. Unpredictable attention from your parents.
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