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There are five components of health-related physical fitness: body composition, muscular endurance, muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance and flexibility. Body Composition[edit | edit source]Body composition can be expressed as the relative percentage of body mass that is fat and fat-free tissue using a two-compartment model. It can be measured with both laboratory and field techniques that vary in terms of complexity, cost, and accuracy. Anthropometric methods are: Body mass index, Circumferences and Skinfold measurements. Hydrodensitometry weighing, plethysmography are some methods used in lab.[2] Muscular Fitness[edit | edit source]It include muscular endurance and strength. They determine bone mass, glucose tolerance, musculotendinous integrity, and ability to carry out ADLs. Muscle function tests are very specific to the muscle group tested , the type of contraction, the velocity of muscle movement, the type of equipment, and the joint range of motion.[2] Muscular Strength: It is the muscle's ability to exert force. It can be assessed either statically or dynamically . Static or isometric strength can be assessed by using various devices such as dynamometer and tensiometers. 1 repetition maximum (1- RM), the greatest resistance that can be moved through the full range of motion in a controlled manner with good posture, is the standard for dynamic strength assessment.[2] Muscular Endurance: It is the ability of muscle group to execute repeated contractions over a period of time sufficient to cause muscle fatigue, or to maintain a specific percentage of the maximal voluntary contraction for a prolonged period of time. Absolute muscular endurance is the total number of repetitions at a given amount of resistance is measured. Relative muscular endurance is the number of repetitions performed at a percentage of the 1 -RM (eg: 75%) which is in both pre- and post-testing.[2] Cardiorespiratory Endurance[edit | edit source]Cardiorespiratory fitness is related to the ability to perform large muscle, dynamic, moderate to high intensity exercise for prolonged periods. The performance depends upon the functional state of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle systems. the criterion measure of cardiorespiratory fitness is determined by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max).[2] Flexibility[edit | edit source]Flexibility is the ability to move a joint through its complete range of motion. It is important in the ability to carry out ADLs and in athletic performance. It depends on a number of specific variables including distensibility of the joint capsule, adequate warm-up, and muscle viscosity. Flexibility is joint specific, thus, no single flexibility test can be used to evaluate total body flexibility. Goniometers, inclinometers, electrogoniometers, the Leighton flexometer and tape measures are some common devices to measure flexibility in degrees. Sit and reach test is one of the flexibility test.[2] [edit | edit source]It is also known as performance-related fitness components. These components are pertaining with the athletic ability of an individual. There are 6 components of physical fitness: balance, co-ordination, agility, speed , power, and reaction time. Balance[edit | edit source]Balance is the ability of an individual to maintain their line of gravity within their base of support. It can be classified into static and dynamic. Balance is control by three different system: somatosensory, visual and vestibular system. [4]It can be assessed by various outcome tools such as berg balance scale, BESTest, etc.[5] Coordination[edit | edit source]It is the ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in performing motor tasks smoothly and accurately.[1]Alternate hand wall toss test is one the test via which co-ordination can be assessed. [6] Power[edit | edit source]It is the rate at which one is able to exert maximal force.[7]Vertical jump test and hop test are some examples of power testing for lower extremity. Medicine ball throw test can be used to assess upper extremity power. [8] [9] Agility[edit | edit source]Agility is defined as “a rapid whole-body movement with change of velocity or direction in response to a stimulus”.[7] Reaction time[edit | edit source]Reaction time is related to the time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it.[7] Reaction time is affected by several variables including attentive, cognitive and motor functions. Three basic reaction time paradigms have been described:
It can be assessed via Ruler drop test. Please watch the video below to understand this test. [11] Speed[edit | edit source]It relates to the ability to perform a movement within a short period of time. . Speed combined with strength will provide power and force. Sprint test is one of the example of the test that can be used to examine person's speed. [12] Related pages[edit | edit source]References[edit | edit source]
Which component of physical fitness refers to the physical attributes such as the cardio?Cardiovascular endurance is your body's ability to keep up with exercise like running, jogging, swimming, cycling, and anything that forces your cardiovascular system (lungs, heart, blood vessels) to work for extended periods of time.
What do you call the component of physical fitness that refers to the ability of the muscles to function and effectively?Endurance is the ability of your muscles to perform contractions for extended periods of time. Rather than just lifting or carrying something for a few seconds, the muscles are used for minutes. The way to increase strength is to train with light weights, working in the 20 - 25 rep range.
What component of physical fitness refers to ability of the heart and lungs to work together?Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to working muscles and tissues, as well as the ability of those muscles and tissues to utilize that oxygen over an extended period of time with moderate intensity.
What component of healthCardiorespiratory fitness is defined as a component of physiologic fitness that relates to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.
What are the components of physical fitness?Health-related components of Physical Fitness. There are five components of physical fitness: (1) body composition, (2) flexibility, (3) muscular strength, (4) muscular endurance, and (5) cardiorespiratory endurance.
What component of physical fitness focuses on the performance in a sport?Skill-related physical fitness is the ability to perform during games and sports; it is also called performance fitness. This type of physical fitness is important for performing the more technical aspects of many sports.
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