A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between individuals p. 103 Show
Symbolic Subjective Rule Governed Arbitary constructions that represent a communicators thoughts p. 103 Language is Subjective Demonstrates an interact relationship between a word (symbol) and what it represents (referent) The human mind is what bridges this gap Ogden & Richard's "Triangle of Meaning" Language is rule governed Phonological rules - Syntactic rules - refers to how symbols are arranged Semantic rules - refers to what symbols mean Pragmatic rules - helps us interpret verbal communications within a given context Governs house sounds are combined to form words p.104 ex. A farm can produce produce Governs the way symbols can be arranged p. 104 ex. r u home? Refers to how symbols are arranged Governs the meanings of statements p. 105 ex. For those of you who have children and don't know it, we have a nursery downstairs Refers to what symbols mean Tells what uses and interpretations of the message are appropriate in a given context p. 105 Language shapes attitudes Naming & Identity - what's in a name Credibility - Status - Sexism & Racism - Research: people with non-normative names suffered everything from psychological and emotional disturbance to failure in college Includes words, phrases, and expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between females and males and exclude trivilize, or diminish either sex Ways to eliminate sexist language • Eliminate six specific terms or substitute neutral terms • Mark six clearly -- to heighten awareness whether the reference is to a female or male Ex. Manhood : replace by adult hood Mankind: replaced by humanity, human beings, people Manpower: replace by human power, workers, and workforce Reflects a worldview the classifieds members of one racial group as superior and others as inferior Ways to eliminate racist language • Eliminate the offensive labels and slurs • Eliminate "innocent" use of racist language that are not meant to be taken seriously but maintain solidarity Language that lacks specificity or does not refer to observable behavior and other sensory data page 118 The range of more to less abstract terms describing an event page 118 An account that refers only to observable phenomena page 118 Accommodating one speaking style to another person who usually is desirable or has higher status page 112 A linguistic strategy in which speakers emphasize differences between their communicative style and others in order to create distance page 113 Language that conveys the centers attitude rather than simply offering an objective description page 121 Words that have more than one dictionary definition page 114 A vague statement that can be interpreted in more than one way page 123 A pleasant sounding term used in place of a more direct but less pleasant one page 121 A statement that can be verified as being true or false page 120 In conclusion arrived at from an interpretation of evidence page 120 The specialized vocabulary that is used as a kind of shorthand by people with common background and experience page 116 A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between individuals page 103 Linguistic intergroup bias The tendency to label people and behaviors in terms that reflect there in-group or out-group status page 113 A moderate form a linguist stick determinism that argues that language exerts a strong influence on the perception of the people who speak it page 112 A statement based on the speakers believe page 120 Linguistic rules governing how sounds are combined to form words page 104 Rules that govern how people use language and every day interaction page 105 Words that game their meaning by comparison page 115 Rules that govern the meaning of language as opposed to its structure page 105 The social orientation that governs behavior in contrast to a person's biological gender page 127 Language used by a group of people whose members belong to a similar coculture or other group page 115 Arbitrary constructions that represent a communicator's thoughts Page 103 Rules that govern the way in which symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meanings of those symbols page 104 What word describes a version of the same language that contains substantially different words and meanings?Dialect. A version of the same language that includes substantially different words and meanings.
Which rule of language governs the way words are ordered in phrases?'Syntax' is the system of rules or a form of grammar that:
governs how words can be meaningfully arranged to form phrases and sentences.
What are the three overarching rules of language?There are three types of rules that govern or control your use of words. Syntactic Rules – govern the order of words in a sentence. Semantic Rules – govern the meaning of words and how to interpret them (Martinich, 1996). Contextual Rules – govern meaning and word choice according to context and social custom.
Is the process of adapting one speech style to match that of others with whom the communicator wants to identify?Convergence is the process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom the communicator wants to identify. Divergence is the strategy of speaking in a way that emphasizes differences between communicators and others.
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When we build relationships and demonstrate solidarity with others through language, its called
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