When followers observe certain behaviors they make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities?

Following are the new approaches of leadership:-

• Transactional
• Charismatic
• Transformational

Transactional Leadership

These type of leaders focus on rewards in exchange for motivation, productivity and effective task accomplishment.

Transformational Leadership

These type of leaders focus on influencing attitudes and assumption of staff. Building commitment to the mission and always try to achieve the objective of the organization.

Difference between Transactional & Transformational Leadersship

• Transactional and transformational leadership are not opposing approaches
• Transactional leadership si built on transactional leadership
• Transformational leaders inspire followers to transcend their own self-interests for the good of the organization
• Transformational leadership is more strongly correlated with lower turnover rates, higher productivity and higher employee satisfaction.

Charismatic Leadership

Charismatic leaders have a combination of charm and personal magnetism that contribute to a remarkable ability to get other people to endorse to their vision and promote it passionately.

Charisma is a Greek word meaning “divinely inspired gift”. In leadership charisma is a special quality of leaders whose purpose, powers, and extraordinary determination differentiate them from others. Charismatic theory is an extension of attribution theory. It says that followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviors.

• Charismatic leadership may be ideal for pulling an organization through a crisis but become a liabilty to an organization once the crisis and the need for dramatic change subside.
• Charismatic leadership may be most appropriate when the follower’s task has an ideological component.

Traits of a Charismatic Leader

• Self-confidence
• Vision
• Strong conviction in that vision
• Out of the ordinary behavior
• The image of a change agent

Followers feelings towards Charismatic Leader

• High Trust & Confidence
• Obedience
• Emotional involvement
• Satisfaction
• Motivation

Types of Charismatic Leaders

Visionary Leaders

• Visionary leaders goes beyond charisma
• Visionary leadership is the ability to create and articulate a realistic, credible, attractive vision of the future for an organization or organizational unit that grows out of and improves upon the present.
• The key properties of a vision seem to be inspirational possibilities that are value centered, realizable, with superior imagery and articulation.

Crisis Based Charismatic Leaders

The crisis based charismatic leader communicates clearly what actions need to be taken and what their consequences will be in the crisis.

Transformational vs Charismatic Leaders

• Charisma is distinct from transformational leadership
• A personal trait that might help transform, or might just help the leader
• Charismatic leadership might have opposite effect – create dependence, not empowerment.