Metastasis, a major determinant of cancer fatality, is a complex, multistep and multifactorial process which often allows the dissemination of cancer cells from a primary tumor to distant tissues and organs leading to the establishment of secondary tumors. The metastatic process is first facilitated by cellular proliferation within primary lesions which results in tumor invasion through adjacent epithelium and basement membranes. This initial phase ultimately allows cells that detach from the primary tumor to migrate to nearby tissues or into blood and lymphatic vessels to reach secondary tissues where they may adhere and grow. Show Metastasis Cascade and Mechanisms of Suppression Metastasis suppressors prevent the establishment of cancer growth in secondary tissues without affecting growth of primary tumors. Molecules halting metastatic growth may act via a broad range of mechanisms including effects on cell adhesion properties, signaling pathways important for cell motility and survival, and transcription of genes with pro-metastatic potential. Explore Tumor Angiogenesis The ability of primary tumor cells to become invasive is partly determined by the intrinsic expression and function of metastasis promoters and suppressors. The genetic basis of metastasis has been a key focus of cancer research leading to the identification of over 30 metastasis suppressors which are defined by their ability to prevent cancer spread without affecting primary tumor growth. However, extrinsic factors such as the tumor microenvironment have increasingly gained attention due to the crucial role of stromal cells and derived factors in the establishment of secondary tumors. Metastatic potential is not only influenced by the primary tumor’s microenvironment, but is also dependent on the cells and factors present at secondary targeted tissues. Validated Metastasis Suppressors
*https://www.cancer.gov/types/metastatic-cancer
Find all Metastasis Products Brew, K., & Nagase, H. (2010). The tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs): An ancient family with structural and functional diversity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular Cell Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.01.003 Budczies, J., von Winterfeld, M., Klauschen, F., Bockmayr, M., Lennerz, J. K., Denkert, C., … Stenzinger, A. (2015). The landscape of metastatic progression patterns across major human cancers. Oncotarget. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.2677 Chen, L.L., Blumm, N., Christakis, N.A., Barabási, A.L., Deisboeck, T.S. (2009). Cancer metastasis networks and the prediction of progression patterns. Br J Cancer. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6605214 Cook, L.M., Hurst, D.R., Welch, D.R. (2010). Metastasis suppressors and the tumor microenvironment. Semin Cancer Biol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.12.005 Guan, X. (2015). Cancer metastases: challenges and opportunities. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2015.07.005 Hunter, K.W., Crawford, N.P., Alsarraj, J. (2008). Mechanisms of metastasis. Breast Cancer Res. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr1988 Hurst, D. R., & Welch, D. R. (2011). Metastasis suppressor genes. At the interface between the environment and tumor cell growth. International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385859-7.00003-3 Yan, J., Yang, Q., Huang, Q. (2013). Metastasis suppressor genes. Histol Histopathol. https://doi.org/10.14670/HH-28.285 Yokota, J. (2000). Tumor progression and metastasis. Carcinogenesis. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/21.3.497 What is the migration of cancer cells called?In metastasis, cancer cells break away from the original (primary) tumor, travel through the blood or lymph system, and form a new tumor in other organs or tissues of the body. The new, metastatic tumor is the same type of cancer as the primary tumor.
What do you call the process of malignant transformation?Malignant transformation is the term given to the process whereby either normal, metaplastic, or benign neoplastic tissue, becomes a cancer. The process usually occurs in a series of steps and the affected tissue gradually accumulates the genetic mutations that express a malignant phenotype.
What does the term metastasized mean?Approved by the Cancer.Net Editorial Board, 07/2022. Metastasis means that cancer has spread to a different part of your body part than where it started. When this happens, doctors say the cancer has “metastasized.”
What is meant by distant metastasis?(DIS-tunt meh-TAS-tuh-sis) Refers to cancer that has spread from the original (primary) tumor to distant organs or distant lymph nodes. Also called distant cancer.
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What is the term for the migration of malignant cells to distant tissues and organs?
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