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BibliographyA bibliography is a complete list of the references used in a piece of academic writing. The sources should be listed in alphabetical order by surname of the author or editors name. Where there are more than one author or editor, the name of the first should be used to place the work. A bibliographical entry should not end with a full stop. Unlike a reference in a footnote, the given names and surnames of the author or editor are reversed. Where there are multiple authors, only the first name should be reversed. ExampleFrend, W.H.C., The Donatist Church: A Movement of Protest in Roman North Africa (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1952) Nietzsche, Friedrich, The Birth of Tragedy and Other Writings, ed. by Raymond Guess and Ronald Speirs (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999) Lancel, Serge, Saint Augustine, trans. by Antonia Nevill (London: SCM, 2002) Leone, Anna, Evolution and Change: Town and Country in Late Antique North Africa (unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Leicester, 2001) Mattingly D. J., 'Libyans and the "Limes": Culture and Society in Roman Tripolitania', Antiquités africaines, 23 (1987), 71-94 Shaw Brent D., 'Who Were the Circumcellions?' in Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa ed. by A. H. Merrills (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), pp. 227-58 Books with editorsWhere a book has been referenced in a note with the title first, the title and editor's names should be reversed, and the name should be followed by 'ed.' or 'trans'. ExampleCompare these bibliographical entries to the references to the same works above. Christie, Neil, ed., Landscapes of Change: Rural Evolutions in Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages, (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004) Soffe, Richard J., ed., Primrose McConnell's The Agricultural Notebook, 20th edn, (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003) Multiple works by the same authorWhen several works by the same author are included in the bibliography, they should be listed in date order, with the most recent first. The earlier works should be indented with a horizontal line or hyphen in place of the title. ExampleBrown, Peter, The World of Late Antiquity: AD150-750 (London: Thames and Hudson, 1971) -'Religious Dissent in the Later Roman Empire: The Case of North Africa', History, 46 (1961), 83-101 Library Terms It's important to understand library terms in order for you to do your research. If you have questions about the terminology used in the tutorial you can check this Glossary of Library Terms. Abstract: A summary or brief description of the content of another long work. An abstract is often provided along with the citation to a work. Annotated bibliography: a bibliography in which a brief explanatory or evaluate note is added to each reference or citation. An annotation can be helpful to the researcher in evaluating whether the source is relevant to a given topic or line of inquiry. Archives: 1. A space which houses historical or public records. 2. The historical or public records themselves, which are generally non-circulating materials such as collections of personal papers, rare books, Ephemera, etc. Article: A brief work—generally between 1 and 35 pages in length—on a topic. Often published as part of a journal, magazine, or newspaper. Author: The person(s) or organization(s) that wrote or compiled a document. Looking for information under its author's name is one option in searching. Bibliography: A list containing citations to the resources used in writing a research paper or other document. See also Reference. Book: A relatively lengthy work, often on a single topic. May be in print or electronic. Boolean operator: A word—such as AND, OR, or NOT—that commands a computer to combine search terms. Helps to narrow (AND, NOT) or broaden (OR) searches. Call number: A group of letters and/or numbers that identifies a specific item in a library and provides a way for organizing library holdings. Three major types of call numbers are Dewey Decimal, Library of Congress, and Superintendent of Documents. Catalog: A database (either online or on paper cards) listing and describing the books, journals, government documents, audiovisual and other materials held by a library. Various search terms allow you to look for items in the catalog. Check-out: To borrow an item from a library for a fixed period of time in order to read, listen to, or view it. Check-out periods vary by library. Items are checked out at the circulation desk. Circulation: The place in the library, often a desk, where you check out, renew, and return library materials. You may also place a hold, report an item missing from the shelves, or pay late fees or fines there. Citation: A reference to a book, magazine or journal article, or other work containing all the information necessary to identify and locate that work. A citation to a book includes its author's name, title, publisher and place of publication, and date of publication. Controlled vocabulary: Standardized terms used in searching a specific database. Course reserve: Select books, articles, videotapes, or other materials that instructors want students to read or view for a particular course. These materials are usually kept in one area of the library and circulate for only a short period of time. See also Electronic reserve. Descriptor: A word that describes the subject of an article or book; used in many computer databases. Dissertation: An extended written treatment of a subject (like a book) submitted by a graduate student as a requirement for a doctorate. DOI: Acronym for Digital Object Identifier. It is a unique alphanumeric string assigned by the publisher to a digital object. E-book (or Electronic book): An electronic version of a book that can be read on a computer or mobile device. Editor: A person or group responsible for compiling the writings of others into a single information source. Looking for information under the editor's name is one option in searching. Electronic reserve (or E-reserve): An electronic version of a course reserve that is read on a computer display screen. See also Course reserve. Encyclopedia: A work containing information on all branches of knowledge or treating comprehensively a particular branch of knowledge (such as history or chemistry). Often has entries or articles arranged alphabetically. Hold: A request to have an item saved (put aside) to be picked up later. Holds can generally, be placed on any regularly circulating library material in-person or online. Holdings: The materials owned by a library. Index: 1. A list of names or topics—usually found at the end of a publication—that directs you to the pages where those names or topics are discussed within the publication. 2. A printed or electronic publication that provides references to periodical articles or books by their subject, author, or other search terms. Interlibrary services/loan: A service that allows you to borrow materials from other libraries through your own library. See also Document delivery. Journal: A publication, issued on a regular basis, which contains scholarly research published as articles, papers, research reports, or technical reports. See also Periodical. Limits/limiters: Options used in searching that restrict your results to only information resources meeting certain other, non-subject-related, criteria. Limiting options vary by database, but common options include limiting results to materials available full-text in the database, to scholarly publications, to materials written in a particular language, to materials available in a particular location, or to materials published at a specific time. Magazine: A publication, issued on a regular basis, containing popular articles, written and illustrated in a less technical manner than the articles found in a journal. Microform: A reduced sized photographic reproduction of printed information on reel to reel film (microfilm) or film cards (microfiche) or opaque pages that can be read with a microform reader/printer. Newspaper: A publication containing information about varied topics that are pertinent to general information, a geographic area, or a specific subject matter (i.e. business, culture, education). Often published daily. Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC): A computerized database that can be searched in various ways— such as by keyword, author, title, subject, or call number— to find out what resources a library owns. OPAC’s will supply listings of the title, call number, author, location, and description of any items matching one's search. Also referred to as “library catalog ” or “online catalog.” PDF: A file format developed by Adobe Acrobat® that allows files to be transmitted from one computer to another while retaining their original appearance both on-screen and when printed. An acronym for Portable Document Format. Peer-reviewed journal: Peer review is a process by which editors have experts in a field review books or articles submitted for publication by the experts’ peers. Peer review helps to ensure the quality of an information source. A peer-reviewed journal is also called a refereed journal or scholarly journal. Periodical: An information source published in multiple parts at regular intervals (daily, weekly, monthly, biannually). Journals, magazines, and newspapers are all periodicals. See also Serial. Plagiarism: Using the words or ideas of others without acknowledging the original source. Primary source: An original record of events, such as a diary, a newspaper article, a public record, or scientific documentation. Print: The written symbols of a language as portrayed on paper. Information sources may be either print or electronic. Publisher: An entity or company that produces and issues books, journals, newspapers, or other publications. Recall: A request for the return of library material before the due date. Refereed journal: See Peer-reviewed journal. Reference: 1. A service that helps people find needed information. 2. Sometimes "reference" refers to reference collections, such as encyclopedias, indexes, handbooks, directories, etc. 3. A citation to a work is also known as a reference. Renewal: An extension of the loan period for library materials. Reserve: 1. A service providing special, often short-term, access to course-related materials (book or article readings, lecture notes, sample tests) or to other materials (CD-ROMs, audio-visual materials, current newspapers or magazines). 2. Also the Scholarly journal: See Peer-reviewed journal. Search statement/Search Query: Words entered into the search box of a database or search engine when looking for information. Words relating to an information source's author, editor, title, subject heading or keyword serve as search terms. Search terms can be combined by using Boolean operators and can also be used with limits/limiters. Secondary sources: Materials such as books and journal articles that analyze primary sources. Secondary sources usually provide evaluation or interpretation of data or evidence found in original research or documents such as historical manuscripts or memoirs. Serial: Publications such as journals, magazines, and newspapers that are generally published multiple times per year, month, or week. Serials usually have number volumes and issues. Stacks: Shelves in the library where materials—typically books—are stored. Books in the stacks are normally arranged by call number. May be referred to as “book stacks.” Style manual: An information source providing guidelines for people who are writing research papers. A style manual outlines specific formats for arranging research papers and citing the sources that are used in writing the paper. Subject heading: Descriptions of an information source’s content assigned to make finding information easier. See also Controlled vocabulary, Descriptors. Title: The name of a book, article, or other information sources. Upload: To transfer information from a computer system or a personal computer to another computer system or a larger computer system. Virtual reference: A service allowing library users to ask questions through email, text message, or live-chat as opposed to coming to the reference desk at the library and asking a question in person. Also referred to as “online reference” or “e-reference.” What is the name of the reference which is composed of series of books that discuss wide range of information and the entries are arranged in alphabetical order?Encyclopedias contain full coverage of information about an area of knowledge. They can be general or can cover a specific subject, and contain alphabetically organized entries with varying detail.
What kind of reference book contains alphabetically arranged words with information about grammar and pronunciation aside from its meaning?An encyclopedia is a book or set of books in which facts about many different subjects or about one particular subject are arranged for reference, usually in alphabetical order.
Which sources or references can you use to find other information about the issue or topic presented?General and Subject Encyclopedias and Dictionaries are important sources to consider when initially researching a topic. Specifically, CREDO REFERENCE is an excellent database compilation of encyclopedias, dictionaries as well as subject encyclopedias.
What reference is used to locate information about a certain topic and is compiled by volume?Bibliographies help provide information about various ideas by providing references to books, films, or recordings that deal with the topic. Bibliographies typically include citations that reference the work, author, publisher, and place of publication.
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What is the name of reference which is composed of series of books that discuss wide range of information and the entries are arranged in alphabetical order?
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