Study Guide 1-1 – Kottak, Chapters 1 & 3 Show Chapter 1: What is Anthropology? 1.Explain what is meant by the statement that anthropology is the holistic and comparative study of humanity. Anthropology is the study of humans around the world and through time, and it is a holistic science. Holism refers to the study of the whole of the human condition: past, present, and future; biology, society, language, and culture. Anthropology is a comparative field that examines all societies: ancient and modern, simple and complex, local and global. Anthropology offers a unique cross-cultural perspective by constantly comparing the customs of one society to those of others. 2.Explain the significance of the four primary types of human adaptation. Adaptation refers to the processes by which organisms cope with environmental forces and stresses. The four primary types of human adaptation include technology, genetic adaptation, long- term physiological adaptation, and short-term physiological adaptation. a.Technology: cultural adaptation; ex: pressurized airplane cabin with oxygen masks b.Genetic adaptation: occurs over generations; biological adaptation; ex: larger chests of people living in higher altitudes c.Long-term physiological adaptation: occurs during growth and development of individual organisms; biological; ex: genetic predisposition for a more efficient respiratory system in highlanders d.Short-term physiological adaptation: occurs spontaneously when the individual organism enters a new environment; biological; ex: increased heart rate, hyperventilation e.SIGNIFICANCE: the social and cultural means of adaptation have become increasingly important over the course of history —> humans have devised diverse ways of coping with various environments 3.List the four subfields of anthropology (including methods and key terms discussed in the text & lecture). The four subfields of anthropology include sociocultural anthropology, anthropological archaeology, biological anthropology, and linguistic anthropology. a.Sociocultural (cultural) anthropology: focuses on societies of the present and recent past; subfield that describes, analyzes, interprets, and explains social and cultural similarities and differences; anthropologists engage in ethnography Abstract This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non-Western medical systems. Two principal etiologies are identified: personalistic and naturalistic. Correlated with personalistic etiologies are the belief that all misfortune, disease included, is explained in the same way; illness, religion, and magic are inseparable; the most powerful curers have supernatural and magical powers, and their primary role is diagnostic. Correlated with naturalistic etiologies are the belief that disease causality has nothing to do with other misfortunes; religion and magic are largely unrelated to illness; the principal curers lack supernatural or magical powers, and their primary role is therapeutic. Journal Information American Anthropologist is the flagship journal of the American Anthropological Association. The journal advances the Association's mission through publishing articles that add to, integrate, synthesize, and interpret anthropological knowledge; commentaries and essays on issues of importance to the discipline; and reviews of books, films, sound recordings, and exhibits. Publisher Information Wiley is a global provider of content and content-enabled workflow solutions in areas of scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly research; professional development; and education. Our core businesses produce scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly journals, reference works, books, database services, and advertising; professional books, subscription products, certification and training services and online applications; and education content and services including integrated online teaching and learning resources for undergraduate and graduate students and lifelong learners. Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. has been a valued source of information and understanding for more than 200 years, helping people around the world meet their needs and fulfill their aspirations. Wiley has published the works of more than 450 Nobel laureates in all categories: Literature, Economics, Physiology or Medicine, Physics, Chemistry, and Peace. Wiley has partnerships with many of the world’s leading societies and publishes over 1,500 peer-reviewed journals and 1,500+ new books annually in print and online, as well as databases, major reference works and laboratory protocols in STMS subjects. With a growing open access offering, Wiley is committed to the widest possible dissemination of and access to the content we publish and supports all sustainable models of access. Our online platform, Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) is one of the world’s most extensive multidisciplinary collections of online resources, covering life, health, social and physical sciences, and humanities. Rights & Usage This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. What is the name for a condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual?Illness. A condition of poor health perceived or felt by an individual.
What Overinnovation means?Term. Overinnovation. Definition. trying too achieve too much change.
What is the name for the comparative biocultural study of disease health problems and health care systems?Medical anthropology studies "human health and disease, health care systems, and biocultural adaptation". It views humans from multidimensional and ecological perspectives.
What is the best description of what an applied anthropologist does?What do applied anthropologists do? The primary responsibility of applied anthropologists is to help solve problems – poverty, discrimination, genocide, environmental degradation, malnourishment, illness, loss of cultural heritage – affecting contemporary human communities.
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What is the name for beliefs customs and specialists concerned with preventing and curing illness?
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