Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines. Show
Research is conducted to...
If you would like further examples of specific ways different schools at Hampshire think about research, see: School Definitions of Research » What is "research" that needs to be reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board at Hampshire before proceeding? In reviewing such research, the IRB is concerned with the methodology of data collection in the "field" (e.g. collection, experimentation, interview, participant observation, etc.) and the use of the data. The broader validity of the hypotheses or research questions, and the quality of inferences that may result (unless, of course, the research methodologies severely compromise the data collection and data usage directly), is not something they will be evaluating. What if I am using information that is already available?If you are doing research that is limited to secondary analysis of data, records, or specimens that are either publicly available, de-identified, or otherwise impossible to be linked to personal identities, you may still need IRB approval to do your project. Sometimes a data use agreement between the researcher and the data custodian may still be required to verify that the researcher will not have access to identifying codes. This "de-linking" of data from personal identifiers allows the IRB to make this determination. Regardless, you should submit an IRB proposal so the IRB can determine whether your project needs IRB review, and if so, the type of review required. For specifics of what research should be reviewed by the IRB and the category of review required, see the flow chart and examples provided.
Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this module, you will be able to:
 The Scientific Method consists of observing the world around you and creating a hypothesis about relationships in the world. A hypothesis is an informed and educated prediction or explanation about something. Part of the research process involves testing the hypothesis, and then examining the results of these tests as they relate to both the hypothesis and the world around you. When a researcher forms a hypothesis, this acts like a map through the research study. It tells the researcher which factors are important to study and how they might be related to each other or caused by a manipulation that the researcher introduces (e.g. a program, treatment or change in the environment). With this map, the researcher can interpret the information he/she collects and can make sound conclusions about the results. Research can be done with human beings, animals, plants, other organisms and inorganic matter. When research is done with human beings and animals, it must follow specific rules about the treatment of humans and animals that have been created by the U.S. Federal Government. This ensures that humans and animals are treated with dignity and respect, and that the research causes minimal harm. No matter what topic is being studied, the value of the research depends on how well it is designed and done. Therefore, one of the most important considerations in doing good research is to follow the design or plan that is developed by an experienced researcher who is called the Principal Investigator (PI). The PI is in charge of all aspects of the research and creates what is called a protocol (the research plan) that all people doing the research must follow. By doing so, the PI and the public can be sure that the results of the research are real and useful to other scientists. Module 1: Discussion Questions
What is the characteristic of research which uses facts and data obtained through investigation?Aspects of Quantitative (Empirical Research)
It uses deductive reasoning, where the researcher forms an hypothesis, collects data in an investigation of the problem, and then uses the data from the investigation, after analysis is made and conclusions are shared, to prove the hypotheses not false or false.
Why research is called systematic and accurate investigation?It is systematic because it is a process broken up into clear steps that lead to conclusions. Research is organised because there is a planned structure or method used to reach the conclusion.
What is the systematic investigation for information?Research means a systematic investigation designed to develop or establish principles, facts generalizable knowledge, or any combination of them, and includes the development, testing and evaluation of research.
What type of researcher is attempting to learn about new things by collecting data?11. Inductive research. Inductive research, also known as theory-building research, collects data that may help develop a new theory about a process or phenomenon. It examines observations and patterns and offers several hypotheses to explain these patterns.
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This research uses facts and data that are obtained through a thorough investigation.
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