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Terms in this set (46)Psychological Disorder A syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. ADHD a psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms; extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Medical Model the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital. Anxiety Disorder psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety Generalized Anxiety disorder. an anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal. Panic disorder an anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes long episodes of intense dred in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking, or other frightening sensations. often followed by worry over a possible next attack. Phobia an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation. OCD a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions) PTSD a disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, numbness of feeling, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience. Posttraumatic growth positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises. Mood disorders psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. Major depressive disorder a mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either 1) depressed mood or 2) loss of interest or pleasure. Mania a mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state. Bipolar disorder a mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania Schizophrenia a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression. Psychosis a psychological disorder in which a person loses contact with reality, experiencing irrational ideas and distorted perceptions. Delusions false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders. dissociative disorders disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Anorexia Nervosa an eating disorder in which a person maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight. bulimia nervosa a eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating with purging or fasting Binge-eating disorder significant binge- eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa. Personality disorders psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning. antisocial personality disorder a personality disorder in which a person exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. May be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist. How should we draw the line between normality and disorder? according to psychologists and psychiatrists, psychological disorders are marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. Why is there some controversy over ADHD? whether the growing number of ADHD cases reflects over-diagnosis or increased awareness of the disorder. long-term effects of stimulant-drug treatment for ADHD are not yet known. How do the medical model and the biopsychosocial approach understand psychological disorders? the medical model assumes that psychological disorders are mental illnesses with physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured. the biopsychosocial perspective assumes that 3 sets of influences, biological, psychological, and social-cultural, interact to produce specific psychological disorders. How and why do clinicians classify psychological disorders? the DSM-5 contains diagnostic labels and descriptions that provide a common language and shared concepts for communication and research. some critics believe the DSM editions have become too detailed and extensive. Why do some psychologists criticize the use of diagnostic labels? they view it as arbitrary labels that create preconceptions which bias perceptions of the labeled person's past and resent behavior. on such label, "insanity" raises moral and ethical questions about whether society should hold people with disorders responsible for their violent actions. most people with disorders are non-violent and are more likely to be victims than attackers. What are the different Anxiety disorders? Anxious feelings and behaviors are classified as an anxiety disorder only when they form a pattern of distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety. How do the learning and biological perspectives explain anxiety disorders, OCD, and PTSD? the learning perspective views anxiety disorders as a product of fear conditioning, stimulus generalization, fearful-behavior reinforcement, and observational learning of others' fears and cognition. The biological perspective considers the role that fear of life-threatening animals, objects or situations played in natural selection and evolution; genetic predisposition for high levels of emotional reactivity and neurotransmitter production; and abnormal responses in the brain's fear circuits. How do major depressive disorder differ from bipolar disorder? A person with major depressive disorder experiences two or more weeks of seriously depressed moods and feelings of worthlessness, and takes little interest in, and derives little pleasure from, most activities. a person with the less common condition of bipolar disorder experiences not only depression but also mania How do the biological and social-cognitive perspectives explain mood disorders? The biological perspective on depression focuses on genetic predispositions and on abnormalities in brain structures and function. the social-cognitive perspective views depression as an ongoing cycle of stressful experiences leading to negative moods and actions and fueling new stressful experiences. What factors affect suicide and self-injuring? suicide rates differ by nation, race, gender, age group, income, religious involvement, marital status, and social support structure. What are some of the important warning signs to watch for in suicide prevention efforts? Forewarnings of suicide may include verbal hints, giving away possessions, withdrawal, preoccupation with death, and discussing ones own suicide. What are patterns of thinking, perceiving, and feeling characterize schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a group of disorders that typically strike during late adolescence, affect men very slightly more than women, and seem to occur in all cultures. how do chronic and acute schizophrenia differ? Schizophrenia symptoms may be positive ( the presence of inappropriate behaviors) or negative (the absence of appropriate behaviors). In chronic schizophrenia, the disorder develops gradually and recovery is doubtful. in acute schizophrenia, the onset is sudden, in reaction to stress and the prospects for recovery are brighter. How do brain abnormalities and viral infections help explain schizophrenia ? people with schizophrenia have increased dopamine receptors, which may intensify brain signals, creating positive symptoms of hallucinations and paranoia. Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia include enlarged, fluid filled cerebral cavities and corresponding decreases in the cortex. are there genetic influences on schizophrenia? twin and adoption studies indicate that the predisposition to schizophrenia is inherited, and environmental factors influence gene expression to enable this disorder, which is found world wide. No environmental causes invariably produce schizophrenia. What factors may be early warning signs of schizophrenia in children? possible early warning signs of later development of schizophrenia include both biological factors (a mother with severe and long lasting schizophrenia; oxygen deprivation and low weight at birth; short attention span and poor muscle coordination) as well as psychological factors ( disruptive or withdrawn behavior; emotional unpredictability; poor peer relations and solo play) Why are dissociative disorders so controversial? skeptics note that dissociative identity disorder, increased dramatially in the late twentieth century, that it is rarely found outside North America, and that it may reflect role-playing by people who are vulnerable to therapists' suggestions. others view this disorder as a manifestation of feelings of anxiety, or as a response learned when behaviors are reinforced by anxiety-reduction. How do anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder demonstrate the influence of psychological forces? in these eating disorders, psychological factors may overwhelm the homeostatic drive to maintain a balanced internal state. what are the 3 clusters of personality disorders? 1)Anxiety what behaviors and brain activity characterize the antisocial personality? Genetic predispositions may interact with the environment to produce the alternated brain activity associated with antisocial personality disorder. How many people suffer, or have suffered, from a psychological disorder? psychological disorder rates vary, depending on the time and place of the survey. in one multinational survey, rates for any disorder ranged from less than 5 % to more than 25%. Is poverty a risk factor? yes, conditons and experiences associated with poverty contribute to the development of psychological disorders. but some disorders, such as schizophrenia, can drive people into poverty. Students also viewedPsychology Chapter 14 Inquizitive20 terms AP Psych Unit 4 Concepts20 terms PSY100 Chapter 14 Inquizitive38 terms Chapter 14 Inquisitive40 terms Sets found in the same folderchapters 15 and 16 FRQs19 terms Psych Chapters 1-10120 terms Ap Psychology, Ch.15-personality40 terms AP Psych Unit 10 Guided Reading35 terms Other sets by this creatorCHapter 1655 terms Chapter 1357 terms Psych test 3 Ch 1461 terms Psych Test 3 Ch 1223 terms Verified questionspsychology Dutch is in his first year as a student at a large university. At the urging of some friends, he attended a “pep rally” on the night prior to the football game. At the rally, the marching band played the university’s fight song and Dutch began singing along as they did. The head football coach then gave a rousing speech and Dutch joined with the hundreds of other students to cheer him. Although Dutch had not paid attention to the football team prior to the rally, he enthusiastically participated in the rally, even going so far as to have an image of the team’s mascot painted on his face. The following day, he attended the game and since has become an avid fan of the football team. Analyze Dutch’s behavior at the rally and afterwards, using each of the following principles of social psychology: Peripheral route persuasion; Central route persuasion; Automatic mimicry; Social facilitation; Deindividuation. Verified answer psychology Which of the following is an example of conformity? a. Malik has had a series of dogs over the years. Each has learned to curl up at his feet when he watches television. b. Renee buys the same brand of sweatshirt that most of the kids in her school are wearing. c. Jonah makes sure to arrive home before his curfew because he knows he will be grounded if he doesn't. d. Yuri makes sure to arrive home before her curfew because she does not want her parents to be disappointed in her. e. Terry cranks it up a notch during volleyball practice because the team captain has been on her case for not showing enough effort. Verified answer
psychology An individual experiences brain damage that produces a coma. Which part of the brain was probably damaged? a. Corpus callosum. b. Reticular formation. c. Frontal lobe. d. Cerebellum. e. Limbic system. Verified answer psychology The instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft is called _____. Verified answer Recommended textbook solutions
Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, Being13th EditionMichael R Solomon 449 solutions Myers' Psychology for AP2nd EditionDavid G Myers 900 solutions Myers' Psychology for the AP Course3rd EditionC. Nathan DeWall, David G Myers 955 solutions Psychology: Themes and Variations11th EditionWayne Weiten 433 solutions Other Quizlet setsChapter 1810 terms Network Security Quiz207 terms Energy pt 1 & pt 236 terms How does the biological perspective explain generalized anxiety disorder?Biological Perspective
For example, current research indicates that generalized anxiety disorder is caused by excessive neurological activity in the area of the brain that is responsible for emotional arousal, and this increased level of arousal is experienced as anxiety.
What theory explain anxiety disorders?Cognitive theory has explained anxiety as the tendency to overestimate the potential for danger. Patients with anxiety disorder tend to imagine the worst possible scenario and avoid situations they think are dangerous, such as crowds, heights, or social interaction.
Which of the following would be a biological explanation of psychopathology?The biological approach to psychopathology believes that disorders have an organic or physical cause. The focus of this approach is on genetics, neurotransmitters, neurophysiology, neuroanatomy etc. The approach argues that mental disorders are related to the physical structure and functioning of the brain.
What does Gad stand for in medical terms?If you tend to worry a lot, even when there's no reason, you may have generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). GAD means that you are worrying constantly and can't control the worrying. Healthcare providers diagnose GAD when your worrying happens on most days and for at least 6 months.
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This is a biological explanation for the development of anxiety disorders Quizlet
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