Show chapter 4 practice quizPeople are ________ to comply with a large request if they comply with a small request first. According to studies on implicit attitudes, which of the following statements about changing behaviors through persuasion is the most accurate? D. it is best to work on specific situations Interested in purchasing a digital camera, you find one priced extremely low. As you are about to purchase the camera, you find that it does not come with a power cord, memory card, or battery. You purchase all of these separately. The total cost surpasse You receive more than one marriage proposal, and after deciding on who you wish to spend your life with, dissonance
theory would predict that you would _______ the individual whose proposal you did accept. In the ABCs of attitudes, "C" stands for: Which areas of the brain are active when we automatically evaluate social stimuli? C. amygdala and frontal lobe A set of norms that defines how people in a given social position ought to behave is what social psychologists call a(n): A favorable or unfavorable evaluation reaction toward something or someone is what social psychologists call a(n): A store owner
is concerned about shoplifting. Research on potent attitudes suggests that he can reduce theft by: C. installing eye-level mirrors in his store According to your text, _______ is the term Batson and his colleagues (2002) used to describe the tendency to appear moral while avoiding the costs of being
so. Which of the following theories assumes that to reduce discomfort, we justify our actions to ourselves? C. cognitive dissonance theory People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _______ predictor of
whether they will go to worship next weekend. What percentage of Californians who had first agreed to place a 3-inch "Be a Safe Driver" sign in their window later agreed to have a large, poorly lettered "Drive Carefully" sign installed in their front yard? Attitudes include all of the following EXCEPT: Rewarding people for doing what they already enjoy may lead them to attribute their action to the reward. This is called: C. the overjustification effect If the number of people in favor of gay and lesbian marriage increases after a law is passed allowing for such, this would be an example of
how: D. moral actions feed moral attitudes When external inducements are insufficient to justify our behavior, we reduce dissonance by justifying the behavior internally. Which of the following theories explains this insufficient justification effect? I first ask "Can
you tell me what time it is?" before I ask you for a big favor (a ride home). I am using the __ technique. Myra's neighbor, a little boy, practices his saxophone loudly and annoyingly. According to the overjustification effect, if Myra wants to get him to quit playing, she should:
D. pay him to play and then offer him less and less The fact that 76 percent of Californians agreed to install a huge ugly sign in their front yard after first being approached with a small request two weeks earlier exemplifies the _______ phenomenon. People's attitude toward religion is a(n) _______ predictor of whether they will go to worship next weekend. Saying becomes believing" when: c. there is no compelling external explanation for your words You are teaching students, and unlike when you were a student, you
find that the role of teacher feels more comfortable. This is an example of: B. roles that shape our behavior Which theory predicts that when people experience a self-image threat, they will compensate by affirming another aspect of the self? D. self-affirmation theory Research in France found that having people first sign a petition against landmines increased the likelihood that Internet users would contribute to a fund for victims of landmines. This is an example of the _______ phenomenon. When asked whether they want to view information supporting or opposing their viewpoint, people who have just expressed their views on various topics prefer to view information supporting their positions. Which of the following best accounts for this find In 1969, social psychologist Allan Wicker completed a review of dozens of research studies and concluded that people's expressed attitudes _______ predicted their varying behaviors. According to the theory of ____, you can best predict a person's behavior when
you know that person's intended behaviors and their perceived self-efficacy and control. A variation of the foot-in-the-door technique is often used by car dealers, because it typically results in people complying with higher and higher requests. It is called the _______ technique. As a teenager, you enjoyed jogging. As a result, your parents purchased new running shoes for you after every major milestone (e.g., when you ran your first marathon). According to the self-perception theory, your parents' behavior likely did what to your Which of the following would better predict a person's support for a republican presidential candidate? B. his/her explicit attitude Festinger and Carlsmith found that participants paid just $1 to lie to another student about how much they enjoyed a task displayed greater attitude change than those paid $20 to tell the same lie. These results are best explained by: B. the insufficient justification effect The finding that religious attitudes can predict the total quantity of religious behaviors over time
is an example of: D. the principle of aggregation According to the overjustification effect, promising children a reward for doing what they already intrinsically enjoy will: B. lead to less enjoyment of the activity The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later to a larger request is called the _______ phenomenon. The research indicates that if you wish to love someone more, you should: Which of the following theories assumes that our actions are self-revealing? D. self-perception theory People are _________ to comply with a large request if they comply with a small request first. After much
deliberation, you decide on a college to attend. After you have made your decision, you find yourself reducing any dissonance by _______ the chosen university and _______ the unchosen universities. D. upgrading; downgrading When he was first promoted to manager, Ben felt awkward giving orders to his previous co-workers. After a few weeks though, he learned how to behave like the boss. Ben's adjustment
suggests that he has now adopted to his new: In the ABCs of attitudes, "A" stands for: When asked if she likes her new neighbor, Alice says "I guess so. I say "hello" to her all the time and loaned her my favorite book the other day." Alice's feelings are best explained by: A. self-perception theory An example of the overjustification effect in the text describes how the number of books Myers' son read ______ after the local library provided an incentive for children to read 10 books in three months. After making important decisions, we usually reduce dissonance by _______ the chosen alternative and _______ the unchosen option. D. upgrading; downgrading Higgins and Rholes (1978) found that when people say something positive to others when told to supported the research that: A. saying it changes our beliefs or feelings The three elements of the tri-component model of attitudes are: B. affect, behavior and cognition In 1964, Leon Festinger concluded that the evidence to date: A. did not show that attitudes guide behaviors Impression management, or making a good impression by being consistent in our behavior, is another term for: A. self-presentation theory An effective
brainwashing program uses all of the following techniques EXCEPT: No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent, according to _______ theory. Juan needed to decide if he should live at home with his parents or in a dorm this year. He liked the idea of the freedom of the dorm but knew it was cheaper to live at home. According to cognitive dissonance theory, after deciding to stay at home Juan wi C. feel confident that he made the best decision; dorms are expensive and dirty anyways Jill recently received Botox injection in her face to treat her wrinkles. Since then, it has taken her longer to read sad stories in the newspaper and understand her teenage daughter's emotional outbursts. Which of the following best explains these side e B. self-perception theory Which theory best explains why 40 percent of smokers in the U.S. judge smoking as not very harmful? Which technique would a car salesman be most likely to utilize? As a teenager, you enjoyed jogging. Concerned with your weight, your parents gave you money whenever you went jogging. According to the self-perception theory, your parents' behavior likely did what to your intrinsic motivation for jogging? Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the subjects in his "Stanford Prison Study" to: B. the roles the subject played The insufficient justification effect involves reducing dissonance by _______ justifying one's behavior when _______ justification is insufficient. Sarah has always strongly believed that it is wrong to steal, but after she steals a
bottle of nail polish from the drug store, her attitude toward stealing becomes significantly less harsh. Which theory best accounts for her shift in attitude? A. cognitive dissonance theory Vaughan and Lanzetta's (1981) study required participants to observe someone receiving an electric shock. Some, but not all, of the participants were required to make a pained expression whenever the shock was implemented. The results indicated that compa D. self-perception theory According to the principle of _____, attitudes are more apparent when we look at average behaviors over time instead of isolated acts. Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) found that when people act in a manner that is contrary to their internal attitudes they feel uncomfortable. To reduce this discomfort they may change
their attitudes. This is known as: C. the insufficient justification effect Research indicates that harming an innocent victim, especially voluntarily, leads one to: B. disparage the victim to justify the behavior Which statement is NOT true according to attitude research? D. attitudes best predict behavior when they are learned from parents A researcher measuring White people take longer to associate positive words with Black rather than White
faces is most likely using a(n): C. implicit association test Once we make a decision or choice, and feel some cognitive dissonance, A. we form additional reasons for that decision or choice Dissonance theory explains attitude _______, whereas self-perception theory explains attitude _______. The Implicit Association Test (IAT): B. measures unconscious attitudes The effect of _______ on _______ was vividly demonstrated in Zimbardo's (1971) classic study of a simulated prison. _____ argues that when our attitudes are weak or ambiguous we infer them by looking at our behaviors and the circumstances under which they occur. In other words, we deduce our
attitudes in the same manner as would an outside observer. D. self-perception theory According to the dissonance theory, managers, teachers, and parents should use _______ to elicit the desired behavior. D. the smallest possible incentive
As a teenager, your parents always forced you to clean your room. Now that you are living on your own, you feel no motivation to clean, as there are no parents around to nag you. This is an example of how: C. attitudes follow behaviors for which we feel some responsibility Which of the following theories explains the insufficient justification effect by claiming that we explain our behavior by
noting the conditions under which it occurs? If you are studying because you want to do well in a course and truly want to understand the material, you are more likely to want to study in the future as compared to those students who view studying as compulsory. Your situation is an example of how: C. attitudes follow behaviors for which we feel some responsibility Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be anxious because we woke up before dawn? D. self-perception theory When people are bribed to do what they already like doing, they start to see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing. This is called
the: C. over justification effect Dissonance conditions do indeed arouse tension, especially when those conditions threaten: Which statement is NOT true according to the research findings on behavior and attitudes? D. you can't sense how someone else is feeling if you mirror their facial expressions Which statement is true? C. explicit and implicit attitudes are a good predictor of behavior Which theory best explains why 40 percent of smokers in the U.S. judge smoking as not very harmful? Although your mother had to nag you to clean your room as a child, she always praised your desire to keep your room clean and orderly when you finished. Her comments likely _______ your intrinsic motivation to maintain a clean and orderly environment on y The best way to cultivate Mark's enjoyment of a task that is not intrinsically appealing to him is to have him comply with the behavior and then suggest that: A. he did the task for an intrinsic reason.
The smallest incentive that will get people to do something is usually the most effective in getting them to like the activity and keep doing it. This is best explained by the: C. overjustification effect. As mentioned in the textbook, the daily flag salute by school children in the U.S. is an attempt to use _______ to build _______. C. public conformity; private beliefs An attitude is most likely to predict behavior in all the following situations EXCEPT: C. when the attitude is genetically predisposed. Which theory explains our conclusion that we must be nervous because we feel shaky - while forgetting we just had two cups of strong coffee? D. self-perception theory Following the U.S. Supreme Court's 1954 decision to desegregate schools, the percentage of
European-Americans favoring integrated schools more than doubled. This is an example of how: D. moral actions feed moral attitudes. Although you were opposed to the war with Iraq, your attitude changed when you were required to report on the justifications for it at your job as a newspaper journalist. Which theory best explains the change in your attitude? C. cognitive dissonance theory Allison's parents are so happy that she enjoys reading. They decide to encourage her to keep at it by paying her $5 for each book she reads. According to the overjustification effect, how will Allison react to this new reward system? B. She will become less interested in reading. Which of the following theories suggest that people express attitudes in line with how they acted in order to avoid looking foolishly inconsistent?Which of the following theories suggests that people express attitudes in line with how they acted in order to avoid looking foolishly inconsistent? According to self-perception theory, behavior shapes attitudes.
What does cognitive dissonance theory predict?Cognitive dissonance theory postulates that an underlying psychological tension is created when an individual's behavior is inconsistent with his or her thoughts and beliefs. This underlying tension then motivates an individual to make an attitude change that would produce consistency between thoughts and behaviors.
Who proposed the selfSelf-perception theory (SPT) is an account of attitude formation developed by psychologist Daryl Bem. It asserts that people develop their attitudes (when there is no previous attitude due to a lack of experience, etc.
What does cognitive dissonance mean According to Walsh?Cognitive dissonance refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. This produces a feeling of mental discomfort leading to an alteration in one of the attitudes, beliefs or behaviors to reduce the discomfort and restore balance. Cognitive Dissonance.
|
The gradual escalation of demands and active participation were described as key elements in
Urheberrechte © © 2024 ihoctot Inc.
