Patients with bronchiectasis can have which of the following anatomic alterations?

Q: What are complications of bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis complications include pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, septicemia, cor pulmonale, respiratory failure, secondary amyloidosis with nephrotic syndrome, and recurrent pleurisy.

Q: Which of the following is the hallmark of bronchiectasis?

The hallmark symptom of bronchiectasis is daily purulent sputum production. Physical exam findings are often subtle and non-specific: crackles, rhonchi, wheezing, or mid-inspiratory squeaks, clubbing, and—in severe, advanced disease—evidence of right heart failure.

Q: Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis?

Characteristics of expectorated sputum often suggest the diagnosis of its cause. Chronic expectoration of large amounts of purulent and foul-smelling sputum is strongly suggestive of bronchiectasis.

Q: Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis quizlet?

The usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis? It is usually voluminous and tends to settle into several different layers.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the anatomic alterations of the lungs associated with emphysema?
Inhaltsverzeichnis Show
1. It is the weakening and permanent enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles.
2. It is most closely associated with cystic fibrosis.
3. The distal airways tend to collapse during expiration in response to increased intrapleural pressure.
4. It is characterized by thick secretions and mucus plugging.

A.
According to the GOLD report, which of the following is the greatest worldwide risk factor for COPD?
A.
A genetically linked cause of panlobular emphysema is:
A.
Emphysema may be caused by which of the following?
B.
The genetic reference to a person with a normal level of alpha1-antitrypsin is _____ phenotype.

D.
Which of the following are anatomic alterations found with chronic bronchitis?
1. Increased size of submucosal bronchial glands
2. Destruction of pulmonary capillaries
3. Chronic bronchial wall inflammation and thickening
4. Bronchospasm
A.
Which of the following are pathologic alterations found with emphysema?
1. Air trapping and hyperinflation
2. Mucus plugs
3. Decreased surface area for gas exchange
4. Weakened respiratory bronchioles

A.
The management of COPD may include:
1. bi-annual influenza immunization.
2. bronchopulmonary hygiene procedures.
3. bronchodilators.
4. smoking cessation.
D.
Which of the following term(s) is/are commonly applied to a patient with emphysema?
1. Pink puffer
2. Blue bloater
3. Type A COPD
4. Type B COPD
B.
Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with late-stage chronic bronchitis?
1. Rhonchi
2. Cor pulmonale
3. Digital clubbing
4. Severe weight loss and thin build
C.
Which of the following clinical manifestations would be expected in a patient with emphysema?
1. Polycythemia
2. Barrel chest
3. Pursed-lip breathing
4. Normal percussion note
D.
Which of the following is true of the diffusing capacity test (DLCO) findings in a patient with COPD?
A.
Which of the following are clinical findings associated with chronic bronchitis?
1. Fever
2. Purulent sputum
3. Right heart failure
4. Elevated CO2 level

D.
According to GOLD, at what age can the initial diagnosis of COPD be made?

C.
Which of the following are used to confirm the diagnosis of COPD?
1. Presence of a chronic cough
2. Chronic exposure to environmental smoke
3. FEV1/FVC ratio greater than 0.70
4. FEV1 < 80%

D.
What is the term for the inward movement of the lateral chest wall during inspiration?

D.
The primary goals of COPD assessment should:
1. include the establishment of the degree of air flow limitation.
2. include the assessment of family members likely to be affected.
3. determine the impact of the COPD on the patient’s health status.
4. include retrospective chart examination to determine any missed exacerbations.

C.
Nonpharmacologic treatment of COPD includes which of the following?

A.
Which of the following are associated with extrinsic asthma?
1. Furred animal dander
2. Mold
3. Emotional stress
4. Male gender

D.
What term is used to describe the situation when an initial asthmatic response occurs within 1 hour of exposure to an allergen followed by a delayed asthmatic response hours later?

C.
Which of the following factors are associated with intrinsic asthma?
1.Emotional stress
2.Cockroach allergen
3.GERD
4.Dust mites

D.
If a beta2-agonist agent and an anticholinergic agent were administered concurrently to a patient during an acute asthma episode, what result would be expected?

B.
Which of the following would be expected when a chest assessment is performed on a patient during an asthmatic episode?
1. inverse I:E ratio
2.Decreased vocal fremitus
3. Increased vesicular breath sounds
4. Hyperresonant percussion note

C.
Which of the following ABG values would be consistent with ventilatory failure with hypoxemia in a patient with severe status asthmaticus?
1. Increased PaCO2
2. Decreased SaO2
3. Increased pH
4. Decreased pH

D.
A sputum sample from a patient has been sent to the laboratory for analysis. Which of the following findings could help confirm the diagnosis of extrinsic asthma?

B.
What findings on a chest radiograph would be expected during a prolonged asthma episode?
1. Depressed diaphragm
2. Increased anterior-posterior diameter
3. Asymmetric lung inflation
4. Translucent lung fields

C.
What is the name for the microscopic structures formed from the breakdown of eosinophils in allergic asthma?

B.
At what age does asthma severity peak in males?

D.
Which of the following recurrent symptoms are commonly associated with asthma?
1. Cough
2. Chest tightness
3. Fever
4. Wheeze

D.
What is the term for an inspiratory fall in systolic blood pressure exceeding 10 mm Hg?

A.
How many components of care are included in the NAEPP asthma management guidelines?

C.
Which of the following is the acronym for the bronchospasm and airway inflammation resulting from the Aspergillus fungus?

A.
A fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide level greater than _____ ppb is an indication of airway inflammation requiring controller medication increase.

B.
The physician asks you to suggest an inhaled corticosteroid for a patient with asthma. Which of the following medications are appropriate?

C.
During the advanced stages of cystic fibrosis, the anatomic alterations cause the patient to have:

C.
Which of the following are commonly cultured from the mucus in the tracheobronchial tree of a patient with cystic fibrosis?
1. Klebsiella
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3. Haemophilus influenzae
4. Staphylococcus aureus

A.
The major pathologic or structural changes associated with cystic fibrosis include:
1. partial airway obstruction leading to hyperinflation.
2. bronchospasm.
3. thick, tenacious mucus.
4. total airway obstruction leading to atelectasis.

B.
How can the genetic mutation found with cystic fibrosis (CF) be characterized?
1.There are many variations in the mutation.
2. CF is the most common fatal childhood inherited disorder.
3.The mutation is a dominant trait.
4.The mutation stops ciliary function.

A.
Cystic fibrosis patients can have:
1. malnutrition.
2. a meconium ileus (bowel obstruction).
3. excessive, viscous pulmonary secretions.
4.a tendency for status asthmaticus.

A.
Men with cystic fibrosis have difficulty reproducing because the:

D.
If both the mother and the father are carriers for the cystic fibrosis gene, what are the chances that their child will be a cystic fibrosis carrier?

D.
Which ethnic group has the greatest number of people with cystic fibrosis?

C.
Which of the following can be used in the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis?
1. An elevated potassium level in the sweat
2. An elevated chloride level in the sweat
3. Genetic testing of the parents
4. An elevated blood level of immunoreactive trypsin

D.
Which of the following are commonly used in the management of cystic fibrosis?
1. Pancreatic enzymes and vitamins
2. Antibiotics
3. Postural drainage
4. Antitussives

D.
A patient has a lung infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. What antibiotic should be used against it?

D.
A cystic fibrosis patient in generally good condition may be a candidate for which of the following?

A.
Common chest assessment findings in a patient with cystic fibrosis include:
1.tracheal deviation.
2. breath sounds reveal crackles and rhonchi.
3. dull percussion note.
4. hyperresonant percussion note.

B.
What complicating pulmonary problem is likely to happen to a patient with cystic fibrosis?

B.
Which of the following pulmonary function findings would be expected in a patient with moderate to severe cystic fibrosis?
1. Increased FVC
2. Increased RV
3. Decreased PEFR
4. Decreased FEF50%

B.
Which of the following may be recommended to reduce bronchial inflammation in a 10-year-old child with cystic fibrosis?

C.
Which of the following are recommended in children with cystic fibrosis?
1.Systemic corticosteroids
2.High-dose ibuprofen
3.Inhaled antibiotics
4.Inhaled DNase (Dornase alpha) (Pulmozyme)

A.
Which of the following chest assessment findings may be seen in a patient with cystic fibrosis?
1.Decreased tactile and vocal fremitus
2. Dull percussion note
3.Diminished breath sounds
4.Decreased heart sounds

D.
A common nonrespiratory clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis is:

D.
Cystic fibrosis is a gene disorder caused by mutations in a pair of genes located on chromosome ______.

D.
Which of the following are considered classifications of CFTR mutations?
1. Gating defect
2. Conductance defect
3. Sol layer defect
4. Periciliary defect

B.
Patients with bronchiectasis can have which of the following anatomic alterations?
1. Hyperinflation
2. Pulmonary embolism
3. Consolidation
4. Pneumothorax

D.
Rigid and dilated bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?

A.
Irregularly dilated and constricted bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?

B.
Which form of bronchiectasis causes the greatest amount of damage to the tracheobronchial tree?

D.
Congenital causes of bronchiectasis include:

A.
A mother brought her 2-year-old son to the physician. He has been coughing up secretions and having wheezy breathing ever since choking on food 6 months ago. The physician diagnosed the boy with bronchiectasis. What could be the cause?

D.
For religious reasons, a young couple has not given their 4-year-old daughter the usual childhood immunizations. She has been repeatedly hospitalized with pulmonary infections. What should the respiratory therapist caring for the child tell the parents that the child is at risk for developing?

B.
Management of the patient with bronchiectasis may include:
1. expectorants.
2. early childhood immunizations.
3. lung resection
4. lung transplant

C.
Which of the following should a patient with bronchiectasis do to reduce the risk for the condition worsening?
1. Avoid air pollution.
2. Get an influenza vaccination.
3. Take an antibiotic every day.
4. Avoid smoking.

D.
Severe bronchiectasis is associated with:
1.vesicular breath sounds.
2. cor pulmonale.
3. distended neck veins.
4. polycythemia.

C.
Which of the following pulmonary function testing values would be found in a patient with severe, obstructive bronchiectasis?
1. Decreased RV/TLC ratio
2. Increased PEFR
3. Increased FEF25%-75%
4. Decreased FEF25%-75%

B.
A patient with long-standing bronchiectasis also has pneumonia. Which of the following hematology test results would be expected?
1. Decreased red blood cell (RBC) count
2. Decreased white blood cell (WBC) count
3.Elevated WBC count
4. Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit

A.
The preferred imaging method to diagnose a patient’s with noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis is:

C.
One of the main challenges in caring for a patient with bronchiectasis is:

B.
In developed countries, the most common cause of acquired bronchiectasis is:

B.
Which of the following is the hallmark of bronchiectasis?

A.
Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis?

D.
A patient with severe bronchiectasis may show:
1. distended neck veins.
2. pitting edema.
3. enlarged and tender liver.
4. S3 heart sound.

A.
Hemodynamic findings in a patient with severe bronchiectasis may show:
1. decreased CVP.
2. increased RAP.
3. normal cardiac output.
4. increased PVR.

D.
Which of the following is the term used to describe the parallel or curved opacity lines of varying length caused by branchial wall thickening that are seen in patients with cylindrical bronchiectasis?

D.
What definition of primary atelectasis would best fit that of a premature infant with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

A.
Examples of the types of surgical procedures that often result in atelectasis include:
1.open heart surgery.
2. craniotomy.
3. gallbladder removal.
4. splenectomy.

D.
The development of immediate postoperative atelectasis is commonly related to which of the following?

B.
Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to atelectasis?

C.
Which of the following are precipitating factors that can decrease the patient’s ability to generate a negative intrapleural pressure?
1. Supine position
2. Large tidal volume on the mechanical ventilator
3. Malnutrition
4. Obesity

A.
Which of the following are precipitating factors for retained secretions that commonly lead to atelectasis?
1. Asthma
2. General anesthesia
3. Gastric aspiration
4. Smoking history

D.
A patient has a tumor blocking the left mainstem bronchus. What additional factor would favor the development of atelectasis?

A.
After open heart surgery, a patient has developed bronchitis with increased secretions and atelectasis. What respiratory therapy procedures should initially be recommended?
1. Chest physical therapy
2. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
3. Incentive spirometry
4. Inhaled sympathomimetic medication

B.
A 40-year-old patient was in a motor vehicle accident. Among his injuries and related problems are three broken ribs on the right side, pleural fluid in the right pleural space, and atelectasis of both lungs. What should be done to help with the atelectasis problem?
1. Adequate pain management
2. Mechanical ventilation to stabilize the broken ribs
3. Remove the pleural fluid
4. Selective intubation of the right mainstem bronchus

B.
Which of the following patients should be placed on short-term mechanical ventilation because of the high risk for postoperative atelectasis?

B.
After gastric bypass surgery, a patient is showing tachypnea. What is the best explanation for this?

B.
Common chest assessment findings in a patient with atelectasis include:
1. decreased tactile fremitus.
2. dull percussion note.
3. crackles.
4. bronchial breath sounds.

D.
The following would be found in a patient with atelectasis:
1. Normal shunt fraction
2. Whispered pectoriloquy
3. Chest radiograph shows increased density in areas of atelectasis
4. Diminished breath sounds

A.
A patient with atelectasis is being monitored by bedside spirometry. What findings would correspond with atelectasis?
1. Decreased IC
2. Increased PEFR
3. Decreased VC
4. Increased DLCO

B.
After surgery, a patient must lie supine in bed. Because of this, atelectasis is thought to have developed. What chest radiograph finding would confirm this?

D.
Precipitating factors for retained secretions include:
1. decreased mucociliary transport.
2. excessive secretions.
3. overhydration.
4. general anesthesia.

C.
Several pathophysiologic mechanisms operating simultaneously may lead to an increased ventilatory rate. These may include which of the following?
1. Stimulation of central chemoreceptors
2. Decreased lung compliance–increased ventilatory rate relationship
3. Stimulation of J receptors
4. Pain

D.
The respiratory therapist is performing chest assessment on a post-op cholecystectomy patient who has developed cough, fever, and tachypnea. Which of the following would the therapist expect to find confirming the suspicion of post-op atelectasis in this patient?

D.
When a patient has pneumonia, which of the following would be found in the alveolar effusion fluids?
1. Mucus
2. Macrophages
3. Saliva
4. Red blood cells

C.
A patient has a bacterial pneumonia. What kills the invading bacteria?

A.
Which of the following can cause pneumonia?
1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Prions
4. Fungi

B.
If a patient has pneumonia, which of the following can increase the risk for life-threatening illness or death?
1. Weakened immune system
2. COPD
3. Marfan’s syndrome
4. Heart disease

A.
Overall, most cases of pneumonia are caused by:

C.
Which of the following pulmonary infections is most commonly seen in patients with AIDS?

D.
A 28-year-old patient who has dogs, parakeets, and cats as pets has been admitted with pneumonia. It is suspected that she acquired the infection from one of her pets. What organism is likely to be found in her sputum?

D.
Ventilator-acquired pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that develops:

B.
A patient has a pleural effusion and atelectasis related to her pneumonia. Which of the following therapies should the respiratory therapist recommend as treatment for the pleural effusion?

B.
Physical assessment findings on a patient with pneumonia would include:
1. bradycardia.
2. whispered pectoriloquy.
3. dull percussion note.
4. increased vocal fremitus.

C.
A patient has bilateral pneumonia. What findings can be expected on the CT scan?
1. Depressed diaphragms
2. Elongated heart
3.Air bronchograms
4. Consolidation

A.
Which of the following are considered to be normal causative agents for community-acquired pneumonia?
1. Staphylococcal pneumonia
2. Haemophilus influenza
3. Legionella pneumophila
4. Candida albicans

C.
During the early stages of a lung abscess, the pathologic process is identical to that of:

A.
What is the term for the fibrinous membrane that surrounds a lung abscess?

C.
Which of the following can occur when tissue necrosis occurs in a lung abscess?
1. Fluid can rupture into a bronchus.
2. Broncholithiasis can occur.
3. Bronchospasm can close off the affected bronchi.
4. Fluid can rupture into the intrapleural space.

B.
An unconscious patient aspirated gastric contents. Which of the following anaerobic microorganisms would likely now be found in her lower respiratory tract?
1. Legionella pneumophila
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3. Peptococci
4. Bacteroides fragilis

B.
Which of the following are predisposing factors to aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions and/or gastric contents into the lower respiratory tract?
1. General anesthesia
2. Asthma
3. Seizure disorder
4. Alcohol abuse

B.
Which of the following conditions can result in a lung abscess?
1. Penetrating chest wound
2. Septic embolism
3. Swallowing disorders
4. Bronchogenic cyst

D.
Following a cerebrovascular accident, a patient lying in the supine position aspirated gastric contents. In what area(s) of the lungs would a lung abscess be most likely to develop?
1. Posterior segments of the upper lobes
2. Apical segments of the upper lobes
3. Superior segments of the lower lobes
4. Anterior segments of both lower lobes

A.
Which of the following are considered to cause an opportunistic fungal infection?
1. Candida albicans
2. aspergillus
3. Coccidioides immitis
4. Cryptococcus neoformans

B.
The respiratory therapist heard a pleural friction rub while performing a chest assessment on a patient with a lung abscess. What does this likely indicate?

D.
What is the standard treatment for a lung abscess caused by an anaerobic pathogen?

A.
What is the recommended treatment for a lung abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

A.
Fungal diseases can cause which type of pulmonary disorder?

A.
What is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis?

D.
Anatomic alterations found in the lungs of patients with a fungal infection include:
1. fibrosis of lung parenchyma.
2. alveolar-capillary destruction.
3. hyperinflation.
4. mucosal edema.

D.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of the fungal culture test?

B.
Which parts of the lungs are most commonly affected by a fungal infection?

C.
Fungal lung infections are usually spread by:

A.
A patient lives in Cleveland and has HIV and a weakened immune system. What fungal infection is the patient at risk for developing?

D.
Which type of fungal lung infection frequently results in productive cough with purulent sputum?

C.
A skin test is available to confirm which of the following fungal infections?
a. Coccidioidomycosis
b. Blastomycosis
c. Tuberculosis
d. Pseudomonal infection
A
After cleaning out his chicken coop, a farmer has developed a fungal lung infection. What type of infection is it most likely to be?

A.
Which of the following are identified as opportunistic yeast pathogens?
1. Candida albicans
2. Cryptococcus neoformans
3. Aspergillus
4. Mycoplasma

C.
In the Midwestern part of the United States, what is the most common fungal infection of the lungs?

B.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome is believed to be caused by:

C.
Pulmonary function testing results on a patient with advanced fungal pneumonia will display which of the following?
1. Increased ERV
2. Decreased IRV
3. Decreased IC
4. Increased TLC

D.
During the advanced stages of a fungal lung infection, which of the following is commonly seen on the chest radiograph?

D.

What are complications of bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis complications include pneumonia, lung abscess, empyema, septicemia, cor pulmonale, respiratory failure, secondary amyloidosis with nephrotic syndrome, and recurrent pleurisy.

Which of the following is the hallmark of bronchiectasis?

The hallmark symptom of bronchiectasis is daily purulent sputum production. Physical exam findings are often subtle and non-specific: crackles, rhonchi, wheezing, or mid-inspiratory squeaks, clubbing, and—in severe, advanced disease—evidence of right heart failure.

Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis?

Characteristics of expectorated sputum often suggest the diagnosis of its cause. Chronic expectoration of large amounts of purulent and foul-smelling sputum is strongly suggestive of bronchiectasis.

Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis quizlet?

The usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis? It is usually voluminous and tends to settle into several different layers.

Patients with bronchiectasis can have which of the following anatomic alterations?

What are complications of bronchiectasis?

Which of the following is the hallmark of bronchiectasis?

Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis?

Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis quizlet?

zusammenhängende Posts

Which of the following drug is used for stable angina in patients where beta blockers are contraindicated?

Which of the following patients would be most at risk for alterations in oral health?

A patients laboratory report shows a hematocrit of 29 what does this value indicate

What is a trend that encourages patients to be more responsible for their own care?

Why are live attenuated vaccines generally contraindicated in pregnant patients Quizlet

What is the door to device time goal for direct arriving patients with acute ischemic?

What infection prevention element provides protection to patients but not the dental team?

What anticholinergic drugs are used to prevent bronchoconstriction in COPD patients?

Which of the following actions is most appropriate when checking in patients Quizlet

What is the first thing you should do if exposed to a patients blood or body fluids?

Werbung

NEUESTEN NACHRICHTEN

A set of formalized rules and standards that describe what a company expects

How do you protect against a similar incident occurring again in the future?

Wann blockiert das Hinterrad beim Motorrad?

Antrag auf Erhöhung des Grades der Behinderung Sachsen

Wer ist englischer meister geworden

Was macht der nat typ für einen unterschied

Using threats or intimidation to persuade someone is which influence tactic?

Wie spät ist es Schreib die Uhrzeit auf?

Süßigkeiten die es nicht mehr gibt

Was hilft gegen Migräne mit Aura

Werbung

Populer

Werbung

Um

Legal

Hilfe

Sozial