In most nations the secular trend in overall physical growth as a result of childhood nutrition

Recent Advances in Growth Research: Nutritional, Molecular and Endocrine Perspectives

71st Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Vienna, October 2011

Editor(s): Gillman, M.W. (Boston, MA)
Gluckman, P.D. (Auckland)
Rosenfeld, R.G. (Los Altos, CA)

Secular Trends in Growth

Gillman MW, Gluckman PD, Rosenfeld RG (eds): Recent Advances in Growth Research: Nutritional, Molecular and Endocrine Perspectives. Nestlé Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG., Basel, 2013, vol 71, pp 115–126

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Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Published online: January 22, 2013
Cover Date: 2013

Number of Print Pages: 12
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 0

ISBN: 978-3-318-02269-8 (Print)
eISBN: 978-3-318-02270-4 (Online)

Abstract

This essay provides a brief history of the etymology and usage of the phrase ‘secular change’ followed by a description of secular changes in height and relative leg length in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Both positive and negative changes are described. Possible causes are reviewed, with an emphasis on nutrition, infection and social-economic-political (SEP) environments. The case of the Maya people living in Mexico, Guatemala, and the United States is given, which shows that intergenerational changes in stature and its components – leg length and upper body length – may occur in different directions and at different rates. The deleterious consequences of rapid catch-up growth after birth have been proposed as a hypothesis to explain the 150 years of positive secular change in height of populations in the richer nations. That hypothesis is found to be an incomplete explanation. Growth changes better track the rate of change in SEP factors. Epigenetic assimilation is a new hypothesis, which focuses on those epigenetic processes regulating gene expression, metabolic function, physiology, and behavior. Epigenetic assimilation shows promise to account for plasticity and intergenerational changes in human growth and development phenotypes.

© 2013 Nestec Ltd., Vevey/S. Karger AG, Basel

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Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Published online: January 22, 2013
Cover Date: 2013

Number of Print Pages: 12
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 0

ISBN: 978-3-318-02269-8 (Print)
eISBN: 978-3-318-02270-4 (Online)

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