How do federal regulations address animal pain and distress in research quizlet?

- Allow social interaction and development of hierarchies within or between enclosures.

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What best describes the purpose of the federally mandated alternatives search in an animal protocol?
What features are best interpreted as indicators of pain or distress in mice and rats?
Which of the following is a strong indication for pain or distress in a mouse?
Which of the following is true statement regarding assessment of pain or distress in mice?

- Make it possible for the animals to remain clean and dry.

- Allow adequate ventilation.

- Allow the animals access to food and water

- Permit easy filling, refilling, changing, servicing, and cleaning of food and water utensils.

- Provide a secure environment that does not allow escape or accidental entrapment.

- Are free of sharp edges or projections that could cause injury to the animals.

- Allow observation of the animals with minimal disturbance of them.

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A common approach to assessing animal appearance and behavior is through observation of the following parameters.

Tip: It is helpful to have blank forms to use as "score sheets" to enter and track each parameter assessed. (More on this at the end of this course.)

Activity level
hypoactivity (hunched, huddled, lethargic), hyperactivity, restlessness, lack of inquisitiveness
Attitude
arousal, depression, awareness of surroundings
Behavior, spontaneous
vocalization, self-trauma, isolation from cage mates. These observations are made without disturbing the animal
Behavior, provoked
vocalization, hiding, aggressiveness, minimal response. Note that these observations are made when the animal is disturbed or even prodded.
Body condition
emaciation, missing anatomy
Food and fluid intake, elimination of feces and urine
Fur and skin
unkempt or greasy or dull fur; porphyrin staining around eyes and nostrils; cyanotic, pale, or congested mucous membranes or skin (ears, feet, tail); skin lesions; soiled anogenital area
Eyes
clarity/condition of lens, cornea; position of globe (e.g., sunken in orbit or protruding); condition of eyelids, encrustation
Posture
hunched back, tucked abdomen; prostrate; head tucked down
Locomotion
gait, ataxia, lameness, action of each limb, position of tail when ambulating
Neurological
tremor, convulsion, circling, paralysis, head tilt, coma
Vital signs
respiratory distress (open mouth breathing, pronounced chest movement)
Other clinical parameters that are relevant to your study
presence and status of tumors, infection, or surgical wounds

What best describes the purpose of the federally mandated alternatives search in an animal protocol?

Which of the following best describes the federally mandated "alternatives search" in an animal protocol? To search for procedures that may replace the use of animals, reduce the number of animals used, or refine the methodology to minimize animal pain or distress.

What features are best interpreted as indicators of pain or distress in mice and rats?

Rodents. Pain in rodents usually results in decreased activity, piloerection and an un-groomed appearance, or there may be excessive licking and scratching. They may adopt an abnormal stance with ataxia, but rats and mice may become unusually aggressive when handled. Acute pain may cause vocalization.

Which of the following is a strong indication for pain or distress in a mouse?

Body Weight Changes. Reductions in body weight and growth rate are commonly used as indicators of pain and distress and as humane endpoints in research rodent studies.

Which of the following is true statement regarding assessment of pain or distress in mice?

which statement is true regarding the assessment of pain or distress in mice? Pain or distress in mice is commonly expressed by subtle changes in activity level and behavior.; A mouse with a moderately painful condition may appear and behave normally.