Presentation on theme: "Chapter 16: Life at the Turn of the 20th Century"— Presentation transcript: 1 Chapter 16: Life at the Turn of the 20th Century Show
2 Section 1: Science and Urban Life
3 Science and Urban Life -Advances in science and technology helped solve urban problems, including overcrowding.
4 Technology and City Life
5 Wainwright Building *Louis Sullivan , he designed the 10-story Wainwright Building in St. Louis. He called the new breed a skyscraper a “proud and soaring thing.” 6
Flatiron Building *Daniel Burnham- designed the Flatiron Building, which still stands at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and 23rd St. in New York City. 7 Electric Transit Electric Transit- Electricity transformed urban transportation. Richmond Virginia became the first city to electrify its urban
transit. 8 Electric Transit By the turn of the 20th century, intricate networks of electric streetcars -- also called trolley cars -- ran from outlying neighborhoods to downtown offices and department stores.
9 Engineering and Urban Planning
10 Frederick Law Olmsted *Frederick Law Olmsted- a landscape architect, spearheaded the movement for planning urban parks. (Central Park) He envisioned the park as a rustic haven in the center of a busy city. The finished park featured boating and tennis facilities, a zoo, and bicycle paths.
11 Frederick Law Olmsted -In the 1870s, Olmsted planned the landscaping for Washington, DC, and St. Louis.
12 City Planning *Daniel Burnham- as an architect in Chicago, his motto was "Making no little plans.
They have no magic to stir men's blood." He created a plan for Chicago that included a lakefront of elegant parks. 13 New Technology A Revolution in Printing- American mills began to produce cheap paper from wood pulp, which was also durable enough so that print could go on both sides. Faster
production and lower costs made newspapers and magazines for more affordable. 14 Airplanes Airplanes- in the 20th century, brothers, *Orville and Wilbur Wright, bicycle manufacturers from Dayton, Ohio, experimented with new engines powerful enough to keep "heavier-then-air" craft afloat.
15 Airplanes Their first successful flight - on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina -
covered 120 feet and lasted 12 seconds. 16 Photography Explosion
17 George Eastman- *George Eastman- developed a series of more convenient alternatives to heavy glass plates previously
used. In 1888, Eastman introduced his Kodak camera. The cost of the camera was $25 and included a 100-picture roll of film. After the pictures were taken - you would then send the camera back to Eastman’s Rochester, New York, factory and for $10, the pictures would be developed. 18
19 Section 2: Expanding Public Education 20 Expanding Public Education 21 Expanding Higher Education
22 Higher Education for African-Americans 23 Booker T. Washington Believed that racism would
end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and provided there economic value to society. By 1881, he headed the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute born a slave, graduated from Virginia's Hampton Institute. Tuskegee aimed to equip African-Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in agriculture, domestic, or medical work.
24 W. E. B. Du Bois The first African-American to receive a doctorate from Harvard in 1895
Strongly disagreed with Washington's gradual approach. In 1905, Dubois founded the Niagara Movement Niagara Movement, which insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the African-American community would have well educated leaders. 25
Section 3: Segregation and Discrimination 26 Ida B. Wells *Ida B. Wells- in the early 1880s she was a teacher, who later became an editor of the local paper. She began crusading for racial justice after the lynching of three friends.
27 Voting Restrictions *Literacy Tests *Poll Tax *Grandfather Clause
28 Jim Crow Laws- Segregation Laws- were passed in the South to separate white and black people in public and private
facilities These laws came to be known as *Jim Crow Laws- after a popular old song. Racial segregation was put into effect everywhere. 29 Plessy V. Ferguson- *Plessy V. Ferguson- in 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that the separation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the
14th amendment. Establish the doctrine of “Separate but Equal” The decision established the doctrine of “separate but equal,” which allowed states to maintain separate facilities for blacks and whites as long as they provided equal services. 30 Turn-Of-The-Century
Race Relations
31 Turn-Of-The-Century Race Relations 32 Turn-Of-The-Century Race Relations 33 Discrimination in the West
34 Section 4: The Dawn of Mass Culture 35 The Dawn of Mass Culture 36 American Leisure -Amusement parks, bicycling, new forms of theater, and spectator sports. -Bicycles made
women feel more independent. This was an activity that represented new freedom and opportunity for women. 37 The Spread of Mass Culture
38 Promoting Fine Arts -By 1900 at least one art gallery graced every large city.
-In the early 20th century, the *Ashcan School of American Art painted urban life and working people with gritty realism and no frills Popular Fiction *Samuel Langhorne Clemens better-known Mark Twain inspired a host of other young authors. When he declared his independence of “literature and all that bosh.” He wrote books that went on to become American Classics.
39 New Ways to Sell Goods -Cleveland, Ohio- first shipping center opened in 1890. -Marshall Field established department
stores. -Chain stores- 1870s F. W. Woolworth. -Catalogs and RFD- Montgomery Ward and Sears Roebuck brought retail merchandise to small towns. 1896- RFD Rural Free Delivery was offered that brought packages directly to every home. 40 In what way did business change around the turn of the twentieth century?There was an unparalleled increase in factory production and mechanization. By the beginning of the 20th century, the major sectors of the nation's economy--banking, manufacturing, meat packing, oil refining, railroads, and steel--were dominated by a small number of giant corporations.
How did changes in technology affect urban life at the turn of the 20th century?How had changes in technology affected urban life in the 20th century? Changes in technology made urban life faster, more crowded, and more expansive as more people to live in cities, people to travel faster, and cities to expand further out towards the suburbs.
How did consumption patterns change in the late nineteenth century?how did consumption patterns change in the late 19th century? more money meant more buying. Ads used to attract buyers, many bought from catalogs and urged to by brand-names.
What leisure activities became popular with Americans at the turn of the 20th century?Vaudeville, dance halls, and motion pictures became popular, while new modes of travel allowed Americans to escape to mountain and seaside resorts.
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