Learn about the nursing care management for patients with bacterial meningitis. Show
What is Bacterial Meningitis?Meningitis is one of the infectious disorders of the nervous system.
PathophysiologyMeningeal infections generally originate in two ways: through the bloodstream or direct spread.
CausesFactors that may cause bacterial meningitis include:
Clinical ManifestationsHeadache and fever are frequently the initial symptoms.
PreventionThe prevention of bacterial meningitis includes:
ComplicationsComplications of patients with bacterial meningitis include:
Assessment and Diagnostic FindingsIf the clinical presentation suggests meningitis, diagnostic testing is conducted to identify the causative organism.
Medical ManagementBacterial meningitis constitutes a medical emergency. Prognosis varies according to the causative organism. The use of antibiotics has reduced the death rate to less than 5% for all types of bacterial meningitis. If untreated, it can be fatal within hours to days. Deaths most often occur in newborn infants and in older adults. Complications are rate but may include septic shock, vasomotor collapse, seizures, and increased ICP attributable to hydrocephalus, brain swelling, and fluid overload. Residual neurologic deficits are rare in adults. A unique problem in treating CNS infection is that [highlight]an intact blood-brain barrier prevents complete penetration of the antibiotic[/highlight]. However, inflammation inhibits the blood-brain barrier, so for short time antibiotics penetrate the CNS. Antibiotics are given intravenously; the blood-brain barrier recovers as inflammation subsides, and high doses are required to reach the CSF.
Nursing ManagementThe patient with meningitis is critically ill; therefore many of the nursing interventions are collaborative with the physician, respiratory therapist, and other members of the healthcare team. Nursing AssessmentAssessment of the patient with bacterial meningitis include.
Nursing DiagnosisBased on the assessment data, major nursing diagnoses include:
Nursing Care Planning & GoalsGoals for a patient with bacterial meningitis include:
Nursing InterventionsImportant components of nursing care include the following measures:
EvaluationExpected patient outcomes include:
Discharge and Home Care GuidelinesAfter hospitalization, the patient at home should:
Documentation GuidelinesThe focus of documentation in patients with bacterial meningitis are:
Practice Quiz: Bacterial MeningitisHere’s a 5-item quiz about the study guide. Please visit our nursing test bank for more NCLEX practice questions. 1. Identify the bacteria not associated with the cause of bacterial meningitis: A. Cryptococcus neoformans. 2. The most severe form of meningitis is considered to be: A. Bacterial. 3. Bacterial meningitis alters intracranial physiology, causing: A. Cerebral edema. 4. During assessment, the nurse knows that well-recognized signs common to all types of meningitis include: A. Positive Kernig’s sign. 5. One of the recommended antibiotics for patients with bacterial meningitis that could cross the blood brain barrier is: A. Penicillin. Answers and Rationale 1. Answer: A. Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungi and not responsible for the development of bacterial meningitis. The rest can cause bacterial meningitis. 2. Answer: A. Bacterial. Bacterial meningitis is the most severe form of meningitis. 3. Answer: D. All of the above changes.
4. Answer: D. Negative Kernig’s sign. A patient with meningitis exhibits a positive and not a negative Kernig’s sign. Choices A, B, and C are symptoms of bacterial meningitis. 5. Answer: B. Vancomycin.
See AlsoPosts related to this care plan:
[sc name=”Affiliate_MedicalSurgical”] What is a priority action for the nurse to initiate of bacterial meningitis?CORRECT: Seizure precautions should be implemented for clients who have bacterial meningitis. The client is at risk for increased intracranial pressure and the development of seizures. The nurse should also decrease environmental stimuli by dimming the lights and minimizing noise.
What are the priority interventions for meningitis?The major goal of treating the patient with meningitis is to determine the type (viral or bacterial), resolve the infection, and control pain and discomfort. This includes use of antibiotics, steroids, analgesics and antipyretics.
What is the priority assessment for a client with bacterial meningitis?Assessment of the patient with bacterial meningitis include. Neurologic status. Neurologic status and vital signs are continually assessed. Pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas values.
What are the nursing management for a patient with meningitis?Nursing Management
Assess the patient's mental status and provide psychological support if the patient is conscious. Elevate the head of the bed to 30 degrees with a straight neck for venous drainage from the brain. Ensure the patient has an IV line for fluids and medications. Administer antibiotics as prescribed.
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