Terms in this set (52)
The laboratory has just called with the arterial blood gas (ABG) results on four patients. Which result is most important for the nurse to report immediately to the health care provider?
a. pH 7.34, PaO2 82 mm Hg, PaCO2 40 mm Hg, and O2 sat 97%
b. pH 7.35, PaO2 85 mm Hg, PaCO2 45 mm Hg, and O2 sat 95%
c. pH 7.46, PaO2 90 mm Hg, PaCO2 32 mm Hg, and O2 sat 98%
d.
pH 7.31, PaO2 91 mm Hg, PaCO2 50 mm Hg, and O2 sat 96%
Restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia, and diaphoresis
Rationale: With inadequate oxygenation, early manifestations include restlessness, tachypnea, tachycardia, and diaphoresis, decreased urinary output, and unexplained fatigue.
The unexplained confusion, dyspnea at rest, hypotension, and diaphoresis; combativeness, retractions with breathing, cyanosis, and decreased urinary output; coma, accessory muscle use, cool and clammy skin, and unexplained fatigue occur as later manifestations of inadequate oxygenation.
Decreased respiratory defense mechanisms
Rationale: These manifestations are associated with aspiration, which more easily occur in the right lung as the right mainstem bronchus is shorter, wider, and straighter than the left mainstem bronchus. Aspiration occurs more easily in the older patient related to decreased respiratory defense mechanisms (e.g., decreases in immunity, ciliary function, cough force, sensation in pharynx). Changes of aging include a decreased response to hypercapnia, decreased number of functional alveoli, and increased calcification of costal cartilage, but these do not increase the risk of aspiration.
Recommended textbook solutions
Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology
13th EditionDavid N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis
1,402 solutions
Anatomy and Physiology Coloring Workbook
11th EditionElaine N. Marieb
927 solutions
Hole's Human Anatomy and Physiology
16th EditionCharles Welsh, Cynthia Prentice-Craver, David Shier, Jackie Butler, Ricki Lewis
727 solutions
Anatomia y Fisiologia Humana
9th EditionElaine N. Marieb
617 solutions
Recommended textbook solutions
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins
388 solutions
The Human Body in Health and Disease
7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton
1,505 solutions
Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding
2,512 solutions
Introduction to Epidemiology
7th EditionRay M. Merrill
237 solutions
Recommended textbook solutions
The Human Body in Health and Disease
7th EditionGary A. Thibodeau, Kevin T. Patton
1,505 solutions
Clinical Reasoning Cases in Nursing
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Mariann M Harding
2,512 solutions
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process
7th EditionJulie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins
388 solutions
Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Procedures
7th EditionKathryn A Booth, Leesa Whicker, Sandra Moaney Wright, Terri D Wyman
1,020 solutions