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Like Oklahoma, the state of Texas has a dual judicial system with two courts of last resort—one for criminal matters and one for civil matters. The Supreme Court of Texas has a limited amount of original jurisdiction. The court has nine justices who are elected statewide by political party. The primary role of the state supreme court is to hear civil appeals cases, but it also establishes civil procedures for the state.
Among other things, municipal courts in Texas issue warrants, conduct bail hearings, and deal with Class C misdemeanors as well as all violations of city ordinances. Service on this court does not require any advanced legal training. Typically, a judge on municipal court is appointed by city council members to a two-year term in office.
In Texas, the office of justice of the peace is an elected position that requires no formal legal training. Common duties of a justice of the peace include performing marriages, acting as a notary public, and serving as coroner in counties with no official medical examiner. According to the state constitution, there should be at least one and no more than eight of these precincts per county.
Each of the 254 counties in the state of Texas has a county judge, elected in a countywide partisan election, and at least one county court, also called a constitutional county court. All county courts are courts of record with both original and appellate jurisdiction over probate, criminal, and civil
matters.
In contrast to the state supreme court, the court of criminal appeals exclusively hears criminal appeals. The nine judges on this court are elected in partisan statewide elections for six-year terms.
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