What are the most common allergenic foods? (p. 334)
1
Nuts, legumes, wheat, berries
2
Nuts, eggs, wheat, shellfish, soy
3
Nuts, eggs, wheat, soy, potatoes
4
Nuts, spices, chocolate, shellfish
2
A child with an allergic reaction to peanuts presents with a barky cough, severe bradycardia, dyspnea, cyanosis, wheezing, and respiratory arrest. EpiPen Jr, which contains 0.15 mg epinephrine, can reverse the effects of peanut allergy in children who have a body weight of 8 to 25 kg. Therefore, the nurse administers 0.15 mg epinephrine, as ordered. EpiPen, which contains 0.3 mg of epinephrine, should be administered to children who weigh more than 25 kg. Iron supplements do not reverse allergic reactions to peanuts. Fluids and electrolytes maintain hydration in the body, but do not reverse allergic reactions caused by peanuts.
The
nurse is performing a well-child assessment of an infant. The infant's mother tells the nurse that the family follows a strict vegan diet. For what nutritional deficiencies is this child at risk?
1
Vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin C, iron, calcium, zinc
2
Vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, iron, calcium, zinc
3
Vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin C, iron, calcium, magnesium
4
Vitamin D, vitamin B12, vitamin B6, iron, calcium, magnesium
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Terms in this set (34)
The leading cause of death among infants between the ages of 1 and 12 months
a. Accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB)
b. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
c. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
d. End stage renal disease (ESRD)
c. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
The sudden death of an apparently health infant that remains unexplained after other possible causes have been ruled out through autopsy, death scene investigation, and review of the medical history. It is unpredictable and is impossible to prevent in some cases.
a. Accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed (ASSB)
b. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
c. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
d. End stage renal disease
(ESRD)
c. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
"Crib death" is another word for
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Which of the following factors must be present and occur simultaneously to lead to SIDS? [SATA]
a. Baby must be in a crib
b. Abnormality in the brainstem
c. Stressors (prone or side sleeping)
d.
Supine sleeping
e. In a critical period of development within the first 6 months of life
b, c, e
SIDS is most common in which of the following races?
a. Whites
b. Hispanics
c. Non-hispanic Blacks
d. American Indians and Alaska Natives
d. American Indians and Alaska Natives
SIDS is more common in
a.
Boys
b. Girls
a. Boys
Are preterm babies at low birth weights at an increased or decreased risk of developing SIDS?
Increased
Infants should always be placed in a _______________ position when sleeping to reduce the risk of SIDS
a. Prone
b. Supine
c. Side-lying
d. Trendelenburg
b. Supine
A mother who has a history of smoking has arrived for her 2 week postpartum checkup. She describes to the nurse that she understands that she should not smoke around her infant because that would place the baby at an increased risk of SIDS. Because of this, she smokes outside and then comes back in. The nurse's most appropriate intervention is:
a. Provide positive reinforcement to the mother since she is practicing safe behaviors in
reducing SIDS risk for her child
b. Review the risk factors for SIDS with the mother, specifically how smoking can increase the risk of SIDS
b. Review the risk factors for SIDS with the mother, specifically how smoking can increase the risk of SIDS
Smoking outside, away from babies, does not decrease the risk of SIDS because smoky hair and clothes also affect babies' respiratory statuses.
In an effort to educate parents and caregivers about strategies for decreasing infants' risk for SIDS, the ________________________ campaign was launched in 1994
a. Smoking Cessation Station
b. SIDS!
c. Back to Sleep
c. Back to Sleep
TRUE/FALSE: Bottle feeding is associated with a reduced risk of SIDS
False, breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of SIDS
TRUE/FALSE: It is recommended that infants sleep in the same room as their parents, but not in the bed
True
When educating clients on how to dress their infants, the nurse should provide what easy rule of thumb to remember?
Dress your baby like you dress yourself
TRUE/FALSE: There are no warning signs or early clinical manifestations to indicate that a baby will die of SIDS. Cardiopulmonary arrest is the first and only symptom.
True
Which of the following risk factors is related to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
a) Feeding habits
b) Gestational age of 42 weeks
c) Immunizations
d) Low birth weight
d) Low birth weight
Rationale: (D) Prematurity, low birth weight, and multiple births are important risk factors associated with SIDS. Immunizations have been disapproved to be associated with the disorder. Feeding habits and gestational age of 42 weeks aren't significant.
An infant is brought to the emergency department (ED) and pronounced dead with the preliminary finding of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which question to the parents is appropriate?
a) Did you
hear the infant cry out?
b) Was the infant's head buried in a blanket?
c) Were any of the siblings jealous of the new baby?
d) How did the infant look when you found him?
d) How did the infant look when you found him?
Rationale: (D) Only factual questions should be asked during the initial history in the emergency department. The other questions imply blame, guilt, or neglect.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is confirmed by which of the following procedures?
a) Autopsy
b) Chest X-ray
c) Skeletal survey
d) Laboratory analysis
a) Autopsy
Rationale: (A) Autopsies reveal consistent pathological findings, such as pulmonary edema and intrathoracic hemorrhages that confirm the diagnosis of SIDS. Chest X-rays are used to diagnose respiratory complications. Skeletal surveys are used with cases of suspected child abuse. Laboratory analysis will show no characteristics to confirm the diagnosis of SIDS.
Which of the following definitions best describe the etiology of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
a) Cardiac arrhythmias
b) Apnea of prematurity
c) Unexplained death of an infant
d) Apparent life-threatening event
c) Unexplained death of an infant
Rationale: (C) SIDS can best be defined as the sudden death of an infant under age 1 that remains unexplained after autopsy. Apnea of prematurity occurs in infants less then 32 weeks' gestation who have periodic breathing lapses for 20 seconds or more. Apparent life-threatening events usually have some combination of apnea, color change, marked in muscle tone, choking, or gagging.
A 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department no breathing. A preliminary finding of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is made to the parents. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take initially?
a) Call their spiritual advisor
b) Explain the etiology of SIDS
c) Allow them to see their infant
d) Collect the infant's belongings and give them to the parents
c) Allow them to see their infant
Rationale: (C) The parents need time with their infant to assist with the grieving process. Calling their pastor and collection the infant's belongings are also important steps in the plan of care but aren't priorities. The parents will be too upset to understand an explanation of SIDS at this time.
The nurse is teaching a family with a newborn about infant safety during sleep. What information is the most important for the family to understand?
a) The infant should be placed on his back to sleep
b) Small pillows should be used to support the infant
c) The infant should be
covered loosely with a blanket
d) A stuffed animal may be placed in the crib for comfort
a) The infant should be placed on his back to sleep
Rationale: (A) Research has demonstrated that placing an infant on hi back to sleep reduces the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). To decrease the risk of suffocation, pillows, stuffed animals, and loose blankets should be placed in the crib with the infant.
When communication with the grieving family after a death from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse should:
a) Instruct the parents to place other infants on their backs to sleep
b) Stress that the death isn't the parent's fault
c) Stress that an autopsy must be done to confirm diagnosis
d) Stress that the parents are still young and can have more children
b) Stress that the death isn't the parent's fault
Rationale: (B) It's important for the nurse to stress that death from SIDS isn't predictable or preventable and that it isn't the parents' fault. Although it's important to inform the parents that an autopsy is necessary, that's secondary. Instructing the parents to place other infants on their backs to sleep implies that the parents did something wrong to cause the infant's death. Stressing that the parents are still young and can have other children minimizes their grief.
Which of the following client histories is most consistent with the diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
a) The child was physically abused in the past
b) The infant had a history of many medical problems
c) The infant was healthy and was found shortly after being put down to sleep
d) The infant was described as lethargic, irritable, and feeding poorly before being put down to sleep
c) The infant was healthy and was found shortly after being put down to sleep
Rationale: (C) Children who are diagnosed with SIDS are typically described as healthy with no previous medical problems. They are usually found dead sometime after being put down to sleep. Depending on how long the infant has been dead, the infant may have a mottled complexion with extreme cyanosis of the lips, fingertips, or pooling of blood in the legs and feet that may be mistaken for bruising.
The nurse working on the postpartum unit selects which of the following as a priority nursing diagnosis for a mother whose first child died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?
a. Risk for Complicated Grieving
b. Anxiety
c. Impaired Parenting
d. Complicated Grieving
b. Anxiety
The mother who has lost a child will likely be very anxious about the new baby. The nurse provides supportive care and instruction for prevention of SIDS. There is no evidence here that this client is at risk for complicated grieving, is experiencing complicated grieving, or is an impaired parent.
A family brings their newborn to the emergency department with no heart rate or respirations and frothy bloody secretions in the nares and mouth. The nurse suspects that the infant has died from which of the following?
a. Congenital heart defect
b. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
c. Tetralogy of
Fallot
d. Pneumonia
b. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Many autopsies have shown that infants who have died of SIDS presented with frothy bloody secretions in the nose and mouth indicating a struggle for breath. Pneumonia would present with green or yellow secretions. Congenital heart defects and Tetralogy of Fallot (congenital heart defect) do not usually present with bloody frothy secretions.
The nurse is teaching parents about placing a newborn infant on its back to sleep. A parent claims to have seen many babies placed on their sides in their cribs during a visit to the nursery. What does the nurse realize as a result of the parent's statement?
a. Nurses are not aware of the risk.
b. The nurses had a reason for those positions.
c. Side-lying is acceptable because someone is always in the nursery.
d. Nurses are role models.
d. Nurses are role models.
Many nurses cite the risk of aspiration as the reason for placing infants on their side. Nurses are role models, however, and if parents see staff placing infants on their sides, then the parents will do the same. There are no correct reasons for placing infants in a newborn nursery on their sides even if someone is always in attendance. Massive education is given to nurses about positioning of infants, so lack of knowledge is not an excuse.
A client who is pregnant and had a child die from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) asks the nurse if there are measures that can be taken to prevent the second child from dying of SIDS. The nurse advises the client to do which of the following?
a. Buy a firm mattress for the infant.
b. Breastfeed the infant.
c. Buy only stuffed animals for the bed.
d. Feed the baby only small amounts at a time.
a. Buy a firm mattress for the infant.
A firm mattress without pillows and toys is the best sleeping environment for the prevention of SIDS as this will decrease the likelihood of the child smothering during sleep. Breastfeeding does not decrease SIDS. Feeding the baby small amounts makes the child cranky and hungry, and will not decrease the likelihood of SIDS.
A nurse is discharging a mother and baby to home and providing education on sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The nurse knows that the parents need more education when they make which of the following statements?
a. "We got him a puppy to grow up with, it's going to be the cutest pictures and they are going to be best friends"
b. "I'm bummed that I have to take out all the stuffed animals from his crib"
c. "I cannot wait to take this little guy home and snuggle with him all night in bed"
d. "We need to make sure the baby is sleeping on his back at night"
c. "I cannot wait to take this little guy home and snuggle with him all night in bed"
The nurse is assessing a mother's understanding of SIDS prevention and knows that teaching has been successful when which of the following statements are made? Select all that apply.
a. "We need to place pillows around him to keep him laying on his back at night"
b. "This little guy is going to love his crib at night"
c. "We have soft bumpers to keep his
legs from getting stuck"
d. "I'm bummed that I have to take out all the stuffed animals from his crib"
e. "There won't be anyone who smokes around our peanut"
b, e
The nurse educating on sudden infant death syndrome gives which of the following explanations to parents regarding what this diagnosis means?
a. "The sudden death of an infant caused by neglect"
b. "The sudden, unexplained death of infants
less than 12 months old"
c. "The sudden, unexplained death of infants less than 6 months old"
d. "The sudden death of an infant caused by suffocation in soft bedding"
b. "The sudden, unexplained death of infants less than 12 months old"
The nurse caring for a newborn is educating the parents on risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome. Which of the following should be included as risk factors? Select all that apply.
a. Maternal smoking
b. Co-sleeping
c. Male gender
d. Prone sleeping
e. Female gender
a, b, c, d
The parents of a newborn are concerned about placing their baby on its back to sleep for fear of choking on spit up. The nurse addresses their concern by making which of the following statements?
a. "I understand your concern. You can place them on their stomach if you want
to"
b. "I understand your concern. Perhaps you should place a pillow under their head to prevent choking"
c. "I understand your concern, but you should be more worried about SIDS than choking"
d. "I understand your concern, but research shows there is no increased risk for choking when placed on their back"
d. "I understand your concern, but research shows there is no increased risk for choking when placed on their back"
A nurse is providing education to pregnant couples at a newborn basics class. Which of the following statements by one of the clients would require further teaching?
a. "He needs to be placed on his back at night in the crib"
b. "This little guy is going to love his crib at night"
c. "I am so glad my husband quit smoking"
d. "We got him a little stuffed bear for his crib and not a big one"
d. "We got him a little stuffed bear for his crib and not a big one"
The nurse educating a group of parents on sudden infant death syndrome knows that which of the following are considered to be protective factors? Select all that apply.
a. Using crib bumper pad
b. Dressing the baby warmly
c. Breastfeeding
d. Placing the baby on their stomach to sleep
e. Placing the baby on its back to sleep
c, e
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a family who is taking a new infant home. The nurse reviews the principles of how to prevent sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) at home. Which of the following principles should be included as part of this teaching?
a. Remove all fluffy or heavy bedding or pillows from the baby's bed
b. Keep the baby very warm while he is sleeping
c. The baby should only be allowed to share a bed with a sibling, never a
parent
d. Always place the baby on his back or side to sleep
a. Remove all fluffy or heavy bedding or pillows from the baby's bed
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