the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people
govern the ethical and moral issues arising from the development and use of information technologies as well as the creation, collection, duplication, distribution, and processing of information itself (with or without the aid of computer technologies)
right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent
assurance that messages and information remain available only to those authorized to view them
legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, book, or video game
software that is manufactured to look like the real thing and sold as such
technological solution that allows publishers to control their digital media to discourage, limit, or prevent illegal copying and distribution
digital rights management
exclusive right to make, use, and sell an invention and is granted by a government to the inventor
unauthorized use, duplication, distribution, or sale of copyrighted software
intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form and includes copyrights, trademarks, and patents
part of the US federal rules of criminal procedure that covers the search and seizure of physical and digital evidence; investigator to get remote access to a digital device suspected in a crime even if it is outside of the geographic jurisdiction; prevent criminals from hiding the location of a computing device
measure of consumer, partner, and employee confidence in an organization’s ability to protect and secure data and the privacy of individuals
ability if a company to identify, search, gather, seize, or export digital information in responding to a litigation, audit, investigation, or information inquiry
ediscovery (electronic discovery)
passed to protect minors from accessing inappropriate material online
child online protection act
ethical guidelines for information management
category of computer security that addresses the protection of data from unauthorized disclosure and confirmation of data source authenticity
method or system of government for information management or control
examines the organizational resource of information and regulates its definitions, uses, value, and distribution, ensuring that it has the types of data/information required to function and grow effectively
act of conforming, acquiescing, or yielding information
ethical issue that focuses on who owns information about individuals and how information can be sold and exchanged
policies and procedures that address information management along with the ethical use of computers and the internet in the business environment
contains general principles to guide computer user behavior
ethical computer use policy
abuse of pay-per-click, pay-per-call, and pay-per-conversion revenue models by repeatedly clicking a link to increase charges or costs for the advertiser
computer crime in which a competitor or disgruntled employee increases a company’s search advertising costs by repeatedly clicking the advertiser’s link
threats, negative remarks, or defamatory comments transmitted through the internet or posted on the website
act or object that poses a danger to assets
allows employees to use their personal mobile devices and computers to access enterprise data and applications
bring your own device (BYOD)
process of extracting large amounts of data from a website and saving it to a spreadsheet or computer; efficient
data scraping
web scraping
contains general principles regarding information privacy
information privacy policy
set of standards governing the collection and use of personal data and addressing issues of privacy and accuracy
fair information practices (FIP)
legal framework that sets guidelines for the collection and processing of personal information of individuals within the european union
general data protection regulation
requires a user to agree to follow it to be provided access to corporate email, information systems, and the internet
acceptable use policy (AUP)
contractual stipulation to ensure that é business participants do not deny their online actions
contains general principles to guide the proper use of the internet
electronic defacing of an existing website
problem that occurs when someone registers purposely misspelled variations of well-known domain names
theft of a website’s name that occurs when someone, posing as a site’s administrator, changes the ownership of the domain name assigned to the website to another website owner
government attempts to control internet traffic, thus preventing some material from being viewed by a country’s citizens
details the extent to which email messages may be read by others
sends a massive amount of email to a specific person or system that can cause that user’s server to stop functioning
states that email users will not send unsolicited emails
anti-spamming approach by which the receiving computer launches a return attack against the spammer, sending email messages back to the computer that originated the suspected spam
outlining the corporate guidelines or principles governing employee online communications
allowing individuals to request to have all content that violates their privacy removed
process of monitoring and responding to what is being said about a company, individual, product, or brand
person within the organization who is trusted to monitor, contribute, filter, and guide the social media presence of a company, individual, product, or brand
tangible protection such as alarms, guards, fireproof doors, fences, and vaults
tracks people’s activities by such measures as number of keystrokes, error rate, and number of transactions processed
stating explicitly how, when, and where the company monitors its employees
employee monitoring policy
period of time when a system is unavailable
malicious attempts to access or damage a computer system
prevention, detection, and response to cyberattacks that can have wide-ranging effects on the individual, organizations, community, and at the national level
encompassing the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by persons inside or outside an organization
builds the national capacity to defend against cyberattacks and works with federal government to provide cyber security tools, incident response services, and assessment capabilities to safeguard the ‘.gov’ networks that support the essential operations of partner departments and agencies
cyber security and infrastructure security agency (CISA)
experts in technology who use their knowledge to break into computers and computer networks, either for profit or simply for the challenge
computer attack by which an attacker accesses a wireless computer network, intercepts data, uses network services, and/or sends attack instructions without entering the office or organization that owns the network
crowdsourcing initiative that rewards individuals for discovering and reporting software bugs
software written with malicious intent to cause annoyance or damage
software that is intended to damage or disable computers and computer systems
malware that causes a collection of connected devices to be controlled by a hacker; perform distributed denial-of-service attacks, steal data, send spam, and allow the hacker to access devices without the owner’s knowledge
spreads itself not only from file to file but also from computer to computer; do not need to attach to anything to spread and can tunnel into computers
software that, although purporting to serve some useful function and often fulfilling that function, also allows internet advertisers to display advertisements without the consent of the computer user
special class of adware that collects data about the user and transmits it over the internet without the user’s knowledge or permission
form of malicious software that infects your computer and asks for money
type of malware designed to trick victims into giving up personal information to purchase or download useless and potentially dangerous software
legitimate users who purposely or accidentally misuse their access to the environment and cause some kind of business-affecting incident
hackers use their social skills to trick people into revealing access credentials or other valuable information
looking through people’s trash
form of social engineering in which one individual lies to obtain confidential data about another
identify the rules required to maintain information security
information security policies
details how an organization will implement the information security policies
information security plan
malicious agents designed by spammers and other internet attackers to farm email addresses off website or deposit spyware on machines
category of computer security that addresses the protection of data from unauthorized disclosure and confirmation of data source authenticity
forging someone’s identity for the purpose of fraud; financial
technique to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theft, usually by means of fraudulent emails that look as though they came from legitimate businesses
masquerading attack that combined spam with spoofing
phishing expedition in which the emails are carefully designed to target a particular person or organization
phone scam that attempts to defraud people by asking them to call a bogus telephone number to confirm their account information
reroutes requests for legitimate websites to false websites
program that secretly takes over another computer for the purpose of launching attacks on other computers
group of computers on which a hacker has planted zombie programs
uses a zombie farm, often by an organized crime association, to launch a massive phishing attack
use of a false identity to artificially stimulate demand for a product, brand, or service
practice of artificially stimulating online conversation and positive reviews about a product, service, or brand
method for confirming users’ identities
process of providing a user with permission, including access levels and abilities such as file access, hours of access, and amount of allocated storage space
small electronic devices that change user passwords automatically; authentication
device about the size of a credit card containing embedded technologies that can store information and small amounts of software to perform some limited processing
identification of a user based on a physical characteristic, such as fingerprint, iris, face, voice, or handwriting
set of measurable characteristics of a human voice that uniquely identifies an individual
traditional security process, which requires a user name and password
single-factor authentication
requires the user to provide two means of authentication, what the user knows (password) and what the user has (security token)
two-factor authentication
requires more than 2 means of authentication, such as what the user knows (password), what the user has (security token), and what the user is (biometric verification)
multifactor authentication
actions, processes, devices, or systems that can prevent, or mitigate the effects of, threats to a computer, server, or network
network intrusion attack that takes advantage of programming errors or design flaws to grant the attacker elevated access to the network and its associated data and applications; vertical privilege and horizontal privilege
attackers grant themselves a higher access level such as administrator, allowing the attacker to perform illegal actions such as running unauthorized code or deleting data
vertical privilege escalation
attackers grant themselves the same access levels they already have but assume the identity of another user
horizontal privilege escalation
computer viruses that wait for a specific date before executing their instructions
occurs when organizations use software that filters content, such as emails, to prevent the accidental or malicious transmission of unauthorized information
scrambles information into an alternative form that requires a key or password to decrypt
science that studies encryption
keep government information secure
advanced encryption standard (AES)
any data that could potentially identify a specific individual; nonsensitive and sensitive
personally identifiable information
information transmitted without encryption and includes information collected from public records, phone books, corporate directories, websites, etc; information that does not harm an individual
information transmitted with encryption and, when disclosed, results in a breach of an individual’s privacy and can potentially cause individual harm
ensures national standards for securing patient data that is stored or transferred electronically
uses two keys: public key that everyone can have and a private key for only the recipient
trusted third party that validates use identities by means of digital certificates
data file that identifies individuals or organizations online and is comparable to a digital signature
hardware and/or software that guard a private network by analyzing incoming and outgoing information for the correct markings
scans and searches hard drives to prevent, detect, and remove known viruses, adware, and spyware
gathers an organization’s computer network traffic patterns to identify unusual or suspicious operations
network behavior analysis
organized attempt by a country’s military to disrupt or destroy information and communication systems of another country
use of computer and networking technologies against persons or property to intimidate or coerce governments, individuals, or any segment of society to attain political, religious, or ideological goals
includes governments that are after some form of information about other governments
include individuals that seek notoriety or want to make a social or political point
features full-time monitoring tools that search for patterns in network traffic to identify intruders
intrusion detection software (IDS)
the extent of detail within the data; fine and detailed or coarse and abstract
levels, formats, and granularities of organizational data
primary traits that help determine the value of data
encompasses all of the data contained within a single business process or unit of work, and it’s primary purpose is to support daily operational tasks
encompasses all organizational data, and it’s primary purpose is to support the performance of managerial analysis tasks
immediate, up-to-date data
provide real-time data in response to requests
when the same data element has different values
when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data
characteristics of high-quality data
occurs when a company examines its data to determine if it can meet business expectations, while identifying possible data gaps or where missing data may exist
management and oversight of an organization’s data assets to help provide business users with high-quality data that is easily accessible in a consistent manner
responsible for ensuring the policies and procedures are implemented across the organization and acts as a liaison between the MIS department and business
overall management of the availability, usability, integrity, and security of company data
practice of gathering data and ensuring that is is uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete,
includes the tests and evaluations used to determine compliance with data governance policies to ensure correctness of data
maintains data about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)
creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security
database management system
helps users graphically design the answer to a question against a database
asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a data base
structured query language
smallest or basic unit of data; EX: name, address, email
data element (data field)
logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements by using graphics or pictures
provides details about data
compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model
stores data in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables
relational database model
allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database
relational database management system
stores data about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event; table
data elements associated with an entity; columns or fields
collection of related data elements