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Social Structure | The network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interactions |
status | A socially defined position in a group or in a society |
role | the rights and obligations expected of someone occupying a particular status |
ascribed status | assigned according to qualities beyond a person's control |
achieved status | acquired through direct efforts |
master status | plays the greatest role in shaping a person's life and determining his or her social identity |
Reciprocal roles | corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses |
role expectations | socially determined behaviors expected of a person preforming a role |
role performance | actual role behavior |
role set | the different roles attached to a single status |
role conflict | occurs when fulfilling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status |
role strain | occurs when a person has difficulty meeting the role expectations of a single status |
social institution | when statuses and roles are organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society |
exchange | whenever people interact in an effort to receive a reward or a return for their actions |
reciprocity | the idea that if you do something for somone that person owes you something in return |
exchange theory | the theory that people do things in order to get a reward |
competition | when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve a goal that only on can attain |
conflict | the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone, or to harm another person |
cooperation | occurs when two or more people or groups work together to acheive a goal that will benefit more than one person |
accommodation | a state of balance betwwen cooperation and conflict |
group | a set of people who interact on the basis of shared expectations and who possess some degree of sommon identity |
subsistence strategies | the way a society uses technology to provide for the needs of its members |
preindustrial society | carried out through the use of human and animal labor |
hunting and gathering societies | The daily collection of plants and the hunting of animals |
pastoral society | rewly on domesticated animals to meet their food needs |
division labor | the specialization by individuals or groups in the performance of specific economic activites |
horicultural society | fruit and vegetables that are grown in gardens are the main source of food |
agricultural society | use of animals and tools to increase the yield of gardens and farms |
barter | the exchange of a good or service |
industrial societies | the change from food production to production of manufactured goods |
urbanization | the concentration of the population into cities |
postindustrial society | much of the economy is involved in providing information and services |
mechanical solidarity | when people share the same values and perform the same tasks |
gemeinschaft | the german work for community |
gesellschaft | german word meaning society |
aggregate | when people gather in the same place but lack organization |
social category | is simply a means of classifying people according to a shared trait |
dyad | the smallest group possible, with two members |
triad | a three person group |
small group | a group with few enough members that everyone is able to interact on a face-to-face basis |
formal group | the structure, goals, and activities of the group are clearly defined |
informal group | there is no offical structure or established rules of conduct |
primary group | a small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis |
secondary group | a group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature |
reference group | any group with whom individuals identify and whose attitudes and values they adopt |
in-group | a group someone belongs to and identifies with |
out-group | any group that a person does not belong to or identify with |
e-community | people interact with one another regularly on the internet |
social network | the web of relationships that is formed by the sum total of a person's interactions with other people |
leaders | people who influence the attitudes and opinions of others |
instrumental leaders | are task orientated, and will find specific means that will help a group complete it's tasks |
expressive leaders | are emotion orientated, they find ways to keep the group together and to maintain morale |
formal organization | a large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals |
bureaucracy | a ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and regulations |
rationality | involves subjecting every feature of human behavior to calculation,measurment and control |
voluntary association | is typically a nonprofit organization formed to pursue some common interest |
iron law of oligarchy | the tendancy of organizations to become increasingly dominated by small groups of people |
dyad | the smallest group possible, with two members |
triad | a three person group |
small group | a group with few enough members that everyone is able to interact on a face-to-face basis |
formal group | the structure, goals, and activities of the group are clearly defined |
informal group | there is no offical structure or established rules of conduct |
primary group | a small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis |
secondary group | a group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature |
reference group | any group with whom individuals identify and whose attitudes and values they adopt |
in-group | a group someone belongs to and identifies with |
out-group | any group that a person does not belong to or identify with |
e-community | people interact with one another regularly on the internet |
social network | the web of relationships that is formed by the sum total of a person's interactions with other people |
leaders | people who influence the attitudes and opinions of others |
instrumental leaders | are task orientated, and will find specific means that will help a group complete it's tasks |
expressive leaders | are emotion orientated, they find ways to keep the group together and to maintain morale |
formal organization | a large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals |
bureaucracy | a ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and regulations |
rationality | involves subjecting every feature of human behavior to calculation,measurment and control |
voluntary association | is typically a nonprofit organization formed to pursue some common interest |
iron law of oligarchy | the tendancy of organizations to become increasingly dominated by small groups of people |
dyad | the smallest group possible, with two members |
triad | a three person group |
small group | a group with few enough members that everyone is able to interact on a face-to-face basis |
formal group | the structure, goals, and activities of the group are clearly defined |
informal group | there is no offical structure or established rules of conduct |
primary group | a small group of people who interact over a relatively long period of time on a direct and personal basis |
secondary group | a group in which interaction is impersonal and temporary in nature |
reference group | any group with whom individuals identify and whose attitudes and values they adopt |
in-group | a group someone belongs to and identifies with |
out-group | any group that a person does not belong to or identify with |
e-community | people interact with one another regularly on the internet |
social network | the web of relationships that is formed by the sum total of a person's interactions with other people |
leaders | people who influence the attitudes and opinions of others |
instrumental leaders | are task orientated, and will find specific means that will help a group complete it's tasks |
expressive leaders | are emotion orientated, they find ways to keep the group together and to maintain morale |
formal organization | a large, complex secondary group that has been established to achieve specific goals |
bureaucracy | a ranked authority structure that operates according to specific rules and regulations |
rationality | involves subjecting every feature of human behavior to calculation,measurment and control |
voluntary association | is typically a nonprofit organization formed to pursue some common interest |
iron law of oligarchy | the tendancy of organizations to become increasingly dominated by small groups of people |
What is a society characterized by the production of information and the provision of services?
Information societies, sometimes known as postindustrial or digital societies, are a recent development. Unlike industrial societies that are rooted in the production of material goods, information societies are based on the production of information and services.
Which is a group with statuses and roles that are organized to satisfy one or more basic needs of a society?
A social institution is a group of statuses and roles that are organized to satisfy one or more of the basic needs of society.
What is a socially defined position in a group or society?
status: a socially defined position in a group or society characterized by certain expectations, rights, and duties. --Independent of the people occupying them. --Used to define people of lower status, too, like the homeless.
What is the network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction called?
Social structure is the network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction Status: is a socially defined.