Characteristics of qualitative research design are? select all that apply
A. Flexible and elastic design
B. Use of mixed methodologies
C. Ongoing analysis to formulate subsequent strategies
D. Researcher becomes the instrument
In qualitative research, a guiding principle in deciding sample
size is: A. Effect size B. Number of variables
C. Data saturation
D. Sub-group analysis
The research design in which the area inquiry is the manner by which people make sense of social interactions:
A. Grounded theory B. Phenomenology
C. Symbolic interactionism
D. Ethnography
The area of inquiry in grounded theory approach is A. Holistic view of culture
B.
Lived experiences
C. Behaviour observed over time in natural context
D. Social structural processes with in social setting
Which of the following qualitative methods focuses on description and interpretation of cultural behaviour?
A. Phenomenology B. Grounded theory
C. Ethnography
D. Symbolic interactionism
Phenomenological study involves all the following
features, EXCEPT
A. Bracket out B. Intuition
C. Analysis
D. Description
E. Manipulation
Qualitative research design involves
A. Emergent design B. Correlative design
C. Experimental design
D. Cohort design
Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?
A. Deductive process B. Control over the context
C. Fixed research
design
D. Inductive process
Which of the following is a qualitative research design where lived experiences of individuals are examined in their "life-world"?
A. Ethnography B. Ethology
C. Phenomenology
D. Grounded theory
Which of the following is NOT a method of quantitative research?
A. Grounded Theory Research B. Correlational Research
C.
Quasi-Experimental Research
D. Experimental Research
The grounded theory approach was developed by
A. Heidegger B. Glaser and Strauss
C. Husserl
D. Denzin
Deductive Reasoning is applied in: A. Qualitative research
B. Quantitative research
C. Action research
D. Applied research
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS
Comparison of qualitative & quantitative research
| Qualitative
| Quantitative
|
Definitions
| a systematic subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning
| a formal, objective, systematic process for obtaining information about the world. A method used to describe, test relationships, and examine cause and effect relationships.
|
Goals
| To gain insight; explore the depth, richness, and complexity inherent in the phenomenon.
| To test relationships, describe, examine cause and effect relations
|
Characteristics
| - Soft science
- Focus: complex & broad
- Holistic
- Subjective
- Dialectic, inductive reasoning
- Basis of knowing: meaning & discovery
- Develops theory
- Shared interpretation
- Communication & observation
- Basic element of analysis: words
- Individual interpretation
- Uniqueness
| Hard science Focus: concise & narrow Reductionistic Objective Logistic, deductive reasoning Basis of knowing: cause & effect, relationships Tests theory Control Instruments Basic element of analysis: numbers Statistical analysis Generalization
|
Specific qualitative approaches
Phenomenology
|
| Purpose, goal - to describe experiences as they are lived
|
|
| - examines uniqueness of individual's lived situations
- each person has own reality; reality is subjective
|
| Research question development
|
|
| - What does existence of feeling or experience indicate concerning the phenomenon to be explored
- What are necessary & sufficient constituents of feeling or experience?
- What is the nature of the human being?
|
| Method
|
|
| - No clearly defined steps to avoid limiting creativity of researcher
- Sampling & data collection
|
|
|
| - Seek persons who understand study & are willing to express inner feelings & experiences
- Describe experiences of phenomenon
- Write experiences of phenomenon
- Direct observation
- Audio or videotape
|
| Data analysis
|
|
| - Classify & rank data
- Sense of wholeness
- Examine experiences beyond human awareness/ or cannot be communicated
|
| Outcomes
|
|
| - Findings described from subject's point-of-view
- Researcher identifies themes
- Structural explanation of findings is developed
|
Grounded theory
|
| Purpose - theory development
|
|
| - Used in discovering what problems exist in a social scene &how persons handle them
- Involves formulation, testing, & redevelopment of propositions until a theory is developed
|
| Method - steps occur simultaneously; a constant comparative process
|
|
| - Data collection - interview, observation, record review, or combination
|
| Analysis
|
|
| - Concept formation
- Concept development - reduction; selective sampling of literature; selective sampling of subjects; emergence of core concepts
- Concept modification & integration
|
| Outcomes - theory supported by examples from data
|
Ethnography
|
| Purpose - to describe a culture's characteristics
|
| Method
|
|
| - Identify culture, variables for study, & review literature
- Data collection - gain entrance to culture; immerse self in culture; acquire informants; gather data through direct observation & interaction with subjects
|
| Analysis - describe characteristics of culture
|
| Outcomes - description of culture
|
Historical
|
| Purpose - describe and examine events of the past to understand the present and anticipate potential future effects
|
| Method
|
|
| - Formulate idea - select topic after reading related literature
- Develop research questions
- Develop an inventory of sources - archives, private libraries, papers
- Clarify validity & reliability of data - primary sources, authenticity, biases
- Develop research outline to organize investigative process
- Collect data
|
| Analysis - synthesis of all data; accept & reject data; reconcile conflicting evidence
|
| Outcomes - select means of presentation - biography, chronology, issue paper
|
Case study
|
| Purpose - describe in-depth the experience of one person, family, group, community, or institution
|
| Method
|
|
| - Direct observation and interaction with subject
|
| Analysis - synthesis of experience
|
| Outcomes - in-depth description of the experience
|
Data collection
|
- Interview with audiotape & videotape
- Direct, non-participant observation
- Participant observation
- Field notes, journals, logs
|
Reliability & validity - rigor
|
Use of researcher's personality
|
- Involvement with subject's experience
- Live with data collection until no new information appears
|
Bracketing
|
- Researcher suspends what is known about the phenomenon
- Keeping an open context
- Set aside own preconceptions
|
Intuiting
|
- Process of actually looking at phenomenon
- Focus all awareness & energy on topic
- Absolute concentration & complete absorption in phenomenon
|
Can use > 1 researcher & compare interpretation and analysis of data
|
Data analysis
|
- Living with data
- Cluster & categorize data
- Examine concepts & themes
- Define relationships between/among concepts
|
Return to assignments
Which of the following qualitative research design where live experiences of individuals are examined in their life world?
Phenomenology. The aim of a phenomenological approach to qualitative research is to describe accurately the lived experiences of people, and not to generate theories or models of the phenomenon being studied. The origins of phenomenology are in philosophy, particularly the works of Husserl, Heidegger, and Merleau-Ponty ...
Which of the following is a qualitative research design where lived experiences of individuals are examined in their A Life world Brainly?
Phenomenology is a form of qualitative research that focuses on the study of an individual's lived experiences within the world.
Which qualitative research type studies the lives of individuals to provide stories about their lives?
Narrative research is best for capturing the detailed stories or life experiences of a single life or the lives of a small number of individuals.
Which of the following qualitative research inquiry focuses on the description and interpretation of cultural behavior?
Ethnographic studies are qualitative procedures utilized to describe, analyze and interpret a culture's characteristics.