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Author(s): , M. E. Marks, F. C. Jones, G. Villarreal, M. D. Shapiro, S. D. Brady, A. M. Southwick, D. M. Absher, J. Grimwood, J. Schmutz, R. M. Myers, D. Petrov, B. Jonsson, D. Schluter, M. A. Bell, D. M. Kingsley
Publication date Created: January 14 2010
Publication date (Electronic): December 10 2009
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The molecular mechanisms underlying major phenotypic changes that have evolved repeatedly in nature are generally unknown. Pelvic loss in different natural populations of threespine stickleback fish has occurred through regulatory mutations deleting a tissue-specific enhancer of the Pituitary homeobox transcription factor 1 (Pitx1) gene. The high prevalence of deletion mutations at Pitx1 may be influenced by inherent structural features of the locus. Although Pitx1 null mutations are lethal in laboratory animals, Pitx1 regulatory mutations show molecular signatures of positive selection in pelvic-reduced populations. These studies illustrate how major expression and morphological changes can arise from single mutational leaps in natural populations, producing new adaptive alleles via recurrent regulatory alterations in a key developmental control gene.
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Molecular signatures of natural selection.
There is an increasing interest in detecting genes, or genomic regions, that have been targeted by natural selection. The interest stems from a basic desire to learn more about evolutionary processes in humans and other organisms, and from the realization that inferences regarding selection may provide important functional information. This review provides a nonmathematical description of the issues involved in detecting selection from DNA sequences and SNP data and is intended for readers who are not familiar with population genetic theory. Particular attention is placed on issues relating to the analysis of large-scale genomic data sets.
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Widespread parallel evolution in sticklebacks by repeated fixation of Ectodysplasin alleles.
Major phenotypic changes evolve in parallel in nature by molecular mechanisms that are largely unknown. Here, we use positional cloning methods to identify the major chromosome locus controlling armor plate patterning in wild threespine sticklebacks. Mapping, sequencing, and transgenic studies show that the Ectodysplasin (EDA) signaling pathway plays a key role in evolutionary change in natural populations and that parallel evolution of stickleback low-plated phenotypes at most freshwater locations around the world has occurred by repeated selection of Eda alleles derived from an ancestral low-plated haplotype that first appeared more than two million years ago. Members of this clade of low-plated alleles are present at low frequencies in marine fish, which suggests that standing genetic variation can provide a molecular basis for rapid, parallel evolution of dramatic phenotypic change in nature.
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The genetic theory of adaptation: a brief history.
Theoretical studies of adaptation have exploded over the past decade. This work has been inspired by recent, surprising findings in the experimental study of adaptation. For example, morphological evolution sometimes involves a modest number of genetic changes, with some individual changes having a large effect on the phenotype or fitness. Here I survey the history of adaptation theory, focusing on the rise and fall of various views over the past century and the reasons for the slow development of a mature theory of adaptation. I also discuss the challenges that face contemporary theories of adaptation.
Adaptive evolution of pelvic reduction in sticklebacks by recurrent deletion of a Pitx1 enhancer
| Publication Type | Manuscript |
| School or College | College of Science |
| Department | Biology |
| Creator | Shapiro, Michael D. |
| Other Author | Chan, Yingguang Frank; Marks, Melissa E.; Jones, Felicity C.; Villarreal Jr., Guadalupe; Brady, Shannon D.; Southwick, Audrey M.; Absher, Devin M.; Grimwood, Jane; Schmutz, Jeremy; Myers, Richard M.; Petrov, Dmitri; Jónsson, Bjarni; Schluter, Dolph; Bell, Michael A.; Kingsley, David M. |
| Title | Adaptive evolution of pelvic reduction in sticklebacks by recurrent deletion of a Pitx1 enhancer |
| Date | 2010-01-14 |
| Description | The molecular mechanisms underlying major phenotypic changes that have evolved repeatedly in nature are generally unknown. Pelvic loss in different natural populations of threespine stickleback fish has occurred by regulatory mutations deleting a tissue-specific enhancer of the Pituitary homeobox transcription factor 1 (Pitx1) gene. The high prevalence of deletion mutations at Pitx1 may be influenced by inherent structural features of the locus. Although Pitx1 null mutations are lethal in laboratory animals, Pitx1 regulatory mutations show molecular signatures of positive selection in pelvic-reduced populations. These studies illustrate how major expression and morphological changes can arise by single mutational leaps in natural populations, producing new adaptive alleles via recurrent regulatory alterations in a key developmental control gene. |
| Type | Text |
| Publisher | American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) |
| Journal Title | Science |
| Volume | 327 |
| Issue | 5963 |
| First Page | 302 |
| Last Page | 305 |
| DOI | 10.1126/science.1182213 |
| citatation_issn | 0036-8075 |
| Subject | Adaptive evolution; Pelvic reduction; Pituitary homeobox transcription factor 1; Pitx1; Gasterosteus aculeatus |
| Subject LCSH | Sticklebacks -- Evolution; Threespine stickleback -- Evolution |
| Language | eng |
| Bibliographic Citation | Chan, Y. F., Marks, M. E., Jones, F. C., Villarreal, G., Shapiro, M. D., Brady, S. D., Southwick, A. M., Absher, D. M., Grimwood, J., Schmutz, J., Myers, R. M., Petrov, D., Jónsson, B., Schluter, D., Bell, M. A., & Kingsley, D. M. (2010). Adaptive evolution of pelvic reduction in sticklebacks by recurrent deletion of a Pitx1 enhancer. Science, 327, 302-5. |
| Rights Management | (c)American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) //dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1182213 |
| Format Medium | application/pdf |
| Format Extent | 894,818 bytes |
| Identifier | ir-main,11962 |
| ARK | ark:/87278/s68d0dkq |
| Setname | ir_uspace |
| Date Created | 2012-06-13 |
| Date Modified | 2021-05-06 |
| ID | 704363 |
| Reference URL | //collections.lib.utah.edu/ark:/87278/s68d0dkq |