Unit 4General Psychological Issues in Cultural PerspectiveSubunit 4Personality and Values Across CulturesArticle 38-1-2002Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Values OrientationTheoryMichael D. HillsUniversity of Wikato, New Zealand, [email protected]ThisOnline Readings in Psychology and CultureArticle is brought to you for free and open access (provided uses are educational in nature)byIACCPand[email protected]. Copyright © 2002 International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. All Rights Reserved. ISBN978-0-9845627-0-1Recommended CitationHills, M. D. (2002). Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Values Orientation Theory.Online Readings inPsychology and Culture, 4(4).
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Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Values Orientation TheoryAbstractPeople's attitudes are based on the relatively few, stable values they hold. Kluckhohnand Strodtbeck's (1961) Values Orientation Theory proposes that all human societies mustanswer a limited number of universal problems, that the value-based solutions are limited innumber and universally known, but that different cultures have different preferences amongthem. Suggested questions include humans' relations with time, nature and each other, aswell as basic human motives and the nature of human nature. Kluckhohn and Strodtbecksuggested alternate answers to all five, developed culture-specific measures of each, anddescribed the value orientation profiles of five SW USA cultural groups. Their theory has sincebeen tested in many other cultures, and used to help negotiating ethnic groups understandone another, and to examine the inter-generational value changes caused by migration.Other theories of universal values (Rokeach, Hofstede, Schwartz) have produced valueconcepts sufficiently similar to suggest that a truly universal set of human values does existand that cross-cultural psychologists are close to discovering what they are.Creative Commons LicenseThis work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0License.This article is available in Online Readings in Psychology and Culture:
INTRODUCTIONCross-cultural psychology has two broad aims: to understand the differences betweenhuman beings who come from different cultural backgrounds, and to understand thesimilarities between all human beings. The similarities may be sought at all levels – fromthe physiological (our eyes are able to perceive colour) through the cognitive (we are alsoable to perceive perspective, or relative distance), to the personal (we can be both happyand sad, gentle or aggressive) to the social (we all relate to our parents and siblings), tothe cultural (we all share cultural norms with others of the same cultural background).
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Kluckhohn, Florence Kluckhohn, Strodtbeck, Psychology and culture
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